A warfighting culture is exactly that, it's a culture. ", Sparapet---more concerning the so called notional scenario--. The Theory of War (Continued) Offense Contributes striking power. Wanat troops depending only on ground sensors and deprived of overhead surveillance the final night get slaughtered on OP Topside. Just using the comment below sets the stage for a massive exercise in critical thinking and team discussions that do not fit the standard Powerpoint MDMP presentation. For those that do not believe it is possible to have a drug driven insurgency vs the more common Islamist insurgencies we have been seeing for the last ten years-----Mexico is the proof of concept and it is spreading rapidly into the US. Information Briefing Format II. Which of the following is the world's largest single trading entity? Taken from the www.borderlandbeat.com from today. 5. This, so as to be able to determine whether any of the ideas/options offered actually (a) address and meet our needs and, if so, (b) whether any one such idea or option might do this better than another. The art of Special Warfare is a creative use of special groups of professionals who are educated and trained to see things from multiple perspectives, to critically think about ones institutions flawed view of the world, create something new that is highly context-dependent across the resource spectrum, and learns while doing. (See below). That is, we in the Army believe, like the Political Scientist David Easton, "that in order for [military] science to become scientifically mature, it need[s] to internalize scientific principles and methods and focus on the empirically observable behavior of political actors.". It accomplishes this through the collective and coordinated use of kinetic and non-kinetic joint fires and effects in support of a manoeuvre plan, employing these means to delay, disrupt, or destroy enemy forces (adapted from RNZA Duties in Action). I assume. Well, enough with my psychobabble for now. [xvii] One example of formulaic metaphor found within military doctrine is the formula for combat power. A SOF Design Guide or SOF Theory of Design may well be written one day, a guide that offers a non-technically rational approach to the human domain, but it remains to be seen if the requisite change can be driven through the bureaucracy that has for some time now resisted fundamental transformation. Protection includes the physical aspects of force personnel (combatants and non-combatants), equipment, and infrastructure. As Grant opened up the question of SW/UW vs the Special Action side and would suggest that Mexico become the training scenario for SW/UW. Manoeuvre elements may then exploit the advantage gained through that terrain action to destroy the threat in close combat. Upon promulgation of Marine Corps If they really understood this stuff that well I would argue that there would be no need for us to step in. For example, on the one hand the methodology implores professionals to critically think, but it then defines the specific ways in which one must think about war, a wholly uncritical approach. Well done. Your comments on the VSO program reflect this human domain mistake currently being made in AFG --in the CIDG there were major differences between almost and I mean almost all camps---one did what one had to do in one's particular AO not what one was doing say in I Corp when you were in III or IV Corp in VN. Well I certainly don't have all the answers! Risk can be taken in IT platforms, vehicles, C2 systems, and airframes. Sparapet---this is not a notional example----it is the core problem with such discussions as this one especially when it goes towards UW/SW. Arrogance and underestimating your opponent are great ways to ensure failure. If you think that AQI killed a large number of locals in Iraq try even understanding the current numbers in Mexico---if one thought Iraq did not have a functioning governance Mexico is even worse and they claim they are democratic. Trusting a subordinate to plan and execute a mission objective enhances efficiency and places the U.S. at an advantage against its near-peer rivals. Take the LeT fighters in Bombay. [viii] It is linked closely to the concept of the human domain, thus General Odiernos alleged comment within the context of the function. There was just recently heavy fighting reported initially between the Civilian Defense elements in another area with the local TCO and then the military stepped into between to defend the civilians and it really got into heavy fighting. ), PhD The Sociology of Military Science, Bloomsbury Academic, 8 NOV 2012. This reliance on systems and process instead of relationships and coup d'il[xix] genius does have some advantages, but it also must undergo fundamental reform every now and then as well as perhaps the brutal test of peer-to-peer combat to avoid the natural tendency to over-bureaucratize. Merton described many of the problems that are endemic to bureaucracies: "trained incapacity" resulting from "overconformity", defending of ones own entrenched interests rather than acting to benefit the organization, resisting change to established routines, emphasizing formality and process over relationships, and trained to ignore context and circumstance. In other words, the mission has only one solution: make local/paramilitary forces more lethal and reform local governance to distribute the political and economic power so that X does not consolidate power in the resulting imbalance that our support would createi.e. Art isnt something one does while coloring within the lines and SOF shouldnt be looking for a methodology to assist us with it. Sustainment influences the tempo, duration and intensity of all operations and often determines what can actually be achieved. Because the underlying social rules and mechanisms are created by humans, they are constantly evolving over time and geography. As one would expect, the challenge that one faces in these such endeavors are states and societies being, in the interim period, in a significant state of turmoil, as they attempt to work their way through these difficult transitions. You cannot believe how many times I tried to explain that to MNF-I in countless HUMINT reports.. Controlling indirect and direct fires is ultra important. All warfighting functions possess scalable capabilities to mass lethal and nonlethal effects. Law and the killing of a Russian propagandist: Some Q & A BY CHARLIE DUNLAP, J.D. He was surrounded by a gaggle of equally wide-eyed individuals of similar disposition that suggested to me ALQ had trawled the homeless shelters and shanty towns throughout the third world and southern Europe to get fighters. I am again going to shy away from your basic argument even though I agree with you. For example, an integrated fires network would account for all of a commander's fires capabilities across all domains and quickly choose the best shooter for a specific target. Or to use the language of the military, your own assumptions. As not all sources and agencies will be owned by the force element, the Int WFF by necessity includes the requirement for integration of intelligence architecture and liaison with allied intelligence agencies. [xxii] Probably not so much the higher-than-tactical areas: attempting to codify how we communicate (and thus think and operate) about the tacit at operational and strategic levels stifles us into the same problems that codifying the tacit in the human domain creates. If one took the time to "understand the Sunni, Shia and AQI in Iraq one "saw" them at work---their surveillance, their targeting process, their swarm tactics and especially their thinking on the use of IEDs---and if one "understood" that then one could move onto their strategy which drove their battlefield tactics. It is also a mistake to apply it equally in all situations. It prioritizes education and training over platforms and technology as well as persistent engagement over drone strikes, direct action raids, and Hollywood movies. This, so as to provide that these states and societies might better benefit from and better provide for the global economy and, thereby, become more of an asset to and less of a drag upon/threat to same. He relies on it very heavily when shaping his tactical and operational planning process. Commanders, assisted by their staffs, integrate numerous processes and activities within their headquarters and across the force through the command and control functions. The HN Staff will have witnessed the effects of direct sunlight, direct moonlight, mountain shadow, heat haze, cold inversion layers, dust, running water, still water, ice, drought, monsoon, crop types, stubble, fallow wild animals, domestic animals, birds-song and insects. Doctrine applied to the physical domains- made up of explicit knowledge- makes sense in some areas. Movement is necessary to disperse and displace the force as a whole or in part when maneuvering. Grant-----maybe Ben Z might agree with the following ---I would venture that currently in the Force the use of MDMP in it's standard form does in fact kill critical thinking as one simply goes through the rote of doing the steps not the thinking behind the why one is doing each of the steps. My empiricism is not the empiricism that you sometimes criticize, is it? For all the efforts at "understanding the culture" of the environments we are working it failed and I mean totally failed because we did not "understand the culture of the enemy". Seems like the Autodefensas are a pretty conventional light infantry paramilitary organization (a local Auxiliary, in Roman parlance). Next attempt the IED detonated between the vehicles. "I did not want to recall how many negative comments were made by countless officers about how stupid the insurgents were when in fact they are still in the fight and we are long gone from Iraq.". Unfortunately our schoolhouse is beholden to metrics and check-the-block assessments. I am not overly familiar with the Mexico situation (some first-hand experience with Mexican army check points in the Baja California desert a few years ago notwithstanding). The Forgotten Histories of the Codification of International Humanitarian Law in Nineteenth-Century Latin America, Crafting Strategy for Irregular Warfare: A Framework for Analysis and Action (2nd Edition), South Africas organised crime climbs to Italys levels, racing past Mexico, Somalia and Libya, Opinion | The Foreign Policies of the Sinaloa Cartel and CJNG Part V: Europes Supercoke & on- the-Horizon Issues and the Middle East, Opinion | The Foreign Policies of the Sinaloa Cartel and CJNG Part IV: Europes Cocaine & Meth Markets, Airstrikes, Civilian Casualties, and the Role of JAGs in the Targeting Process, Opinion | The Foreign Policies of the Sinaloa Cartel and CJNG Part III: Africa, The cartels flexed their power in Tijuana and now the battle for influence is on, Organized Crime in Mexico and the Evolving Government Response, Armies are re-learning how to fight in cities, Law and the Ayman al-Zawahiri airstrike: a dozen Qs & As, Informe alerta sobre contrabando de cigarrillo, narcotrfico y Hezbol, Iran Seeks to Increase Its Influence in Latin America, Experts Warn, International Humanitarian Law in Urban Warfare, ATP 3-06/MCTP 12-10B, Urban Operations (JUL 22), Latest Atrocities Highlight the Importance of Early Warning. Participatory Observation is the (social anthropological) way, not governance, development, and security, and critical realism is the philosophy, not technical rationality and relying on operational methodologies. Another is deploying forces to intermediate staging bases in preparation for an offensive. D. The World Trade Organization (WTO). That's a good one. 2013. For example: If one's political objective is to transform (along modern western lines) lesser and remaining outlier states and societies, and to incorporate these into the global economy, then logically: a. Were learning what their culture is so next time we come back in, they understand who we are, and we understand who they are. Aztec prophets had prognosticated that bearded men would arrive from the east, or the land of the sun god-the Aztec conception of heaven. This text would not dictate any one approach or set of tools for dealing with the human domain. [vii] Some recent doctrinal publications have not linked the Warfighting Functions to combat power, instead referring to unified land operations and describing them as either destructive or constructive in nature. Those of us from the old UW days call it simply the guerrilla Darwinian principle of survival in order to fight another day or what today is called simply "staying power". I made a distinction for a few reasons: I am in the SOF community and am hoping to influence the SOF community as we begin an effort to more closely tie in with CF. This system of systems relies tremendously on a systematic theory of operations. The fires warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated use of Army indirect fires, AMD, and joint fires through the targeting process. For the . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. How the ambient light, wind, noise, smell and soil composition telegraphs movement of a single man, a squad, company or a battalion; at dawn, midday, dusk and the middle of the night. Although this is a simplification and perhaps disingenuous, one way of thinking about the two types of domains is to imagine an armored division battle as being one largely within the land domain. The Sustainment WFF is composed of all systems, elements and capabilities relating to the provision, movement, sustenance and well-being of personnel, materiel and installations. The force learns them, regurgitates them, has faith in them, and many defend them without question. Great points, as always Bill. Another important function . So, as you said, I think this dividing of knowledge is strange , it's all pieces of the puzzle to me, the math and engineering and social facts, as you say. At the operational level we are sorely handicapped. We have made some fundamental errors trying to do too much and depending on others to provide the reasoning for our actions. In the past, it was the communists who denied various populations these benefits. And understand that the enemy (government or population, as the case may be), will not, as was thought, be waiting with roses. As part of capacity building, engagement with Host Nation Security Forces (HNSF) may form part of the CIMIC aspect of the IA WFF area of responsibility. Compliant change is change that is forced onto others, they comply. A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and processes) united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. Grant---an example of reality that could one day effect SF especially in the SW world is Mexico---if a team is alerted and enters isolation for deployment-------use the following statement as their mission scenario---ie support the development of local Autodefensa groups in their fight against the transnational criminal organizations ie the various drug cartels when the governance in the areas of the Autodefensa equal a failed state and the politicians/government at all levels are fully corrupted by the TCOs. I have even gone so far as to suggest that in knowing oneself (specifically one's political objective) one can: b. If you have watched the borderland beat site for over the last few years---we in the watching the failing of a major "democratic" country directly on our immediate border with TCOs driven their trade deeper into the major cities using violence much like AQ in Iraq. To add to those types of missions I would include any military operation in which either the objectives are very unclear and abstract or the operation is structured in such a way as to have a high likelihood of being unbounded in scope and time. monitor than our adversaries, those staff guys watching the screens have little understanding of the operational environment because most of them have no personal interaction with the environment outside of viewing it on their monitor, or adversaries have greater battlefield knowledge and understanding of all the systems that interact in it. You build that trustyou cant surge trust. The rationale being the MIE multiplier might provide more of an insight into the dynamics of the conflict ecosystem than the digitally driven lens we are currently enslaved to. MS 301: Training Management and the Warfighting Functions Revision Date: 31 March 2022 Lesson 20,23,26,29,32: Branch Orientation Briefings Student Handout 1 Information Briefing Sheet Cadets will prepare and present an information briefing concerning an assigned branch. And no one sees the need for UW as the core ability of SF? Of course, those factors aren't found in one's higher's OPORD- so I try to get the students to fill in the gaps. This goes back to your comments concerned SW vs what I call the glorious kick down the door mentality. Sabotage can be done by Cyber types. Thus, we faced a problem: design pointed to our philosophy as being the problem, but we were wedded to our philosophy. Right now it has yet to be named, although some of the early candidates have included Influence, Engagement, and Shape. Again a team meeting and he asks them if they had see or heard anything about the addition to the trucks---the youngest who was computer smart went then to the local internet shop that had tea and spent all day surfing. I suggest we too may benefit by inserting a MIE multiplier into our MDMP. That is, they encompass so much that they are rendered almost useless. It means preserving the force which includes personnel and physical assets of the United States as well as the host nation and any military or civilian allies. This is anathema to what is needed for building an SW force able to operate within the human domain, but alas we are beholden to a requirements process that is set up to facilitate the bureaucracy. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) If not, if we believe that in the human domain (as well as the levels beyond tactical in all domains) things are highly dependent upon context, fraught with tacit knowledge, and fall more into the art side than the science side,[xxiv] then the preferred philosophy should be the critical realist philosophy. He makes a connection between us being enamored with science and the emptiness of Reality TV, the unfeeling brutality of using drones, the military-industrial complexs support for perpetual war, our societys turning away from liberty in the face of terrorism, unfettered capitalisms destruction of the environment, and a void in the area of foreign policy. Indeed, one could make the argument that in todays uber-professional and regimented American military, the only levels in which critical and creative thinking routinely happen are at the tactical level.[xxvi]. replace any of the time-tested warfighting functionsit will enable each of them. What we in the military seem to forget is that the enemy always has a voice and especially in Iraq where the education levels are high they were a quick adapting organism whose ecosystem was built on the Darwinian principle of survival which has always been the top rule for a guerrilla force. It is akin to saying "go be an ally to X against Z, but make sure X isn't the only power/influence game in town when you leave". Russian and Saurists posts after 1978 and ISAF and GoIRA over the past 12 years. A warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and processes) united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. But destroying the physical tools of war does not eliminate the reasons people fight. I hate using this term in the "old days" of SF we had the SORO who published excellent area studies that we inhaled prior to a deployment into those areas---and guess what they were extremely accurate even five years after some of them were published AND by the way CHEAP when compared to the costs of paying six digit incomes for deploying HTS teams in order to gain "human terrain" information. But, I would assert that, excepting the new bureaucracy of SOF, the traditional and tactical (young NCOs and Captains) culture of SOF more closely relates to Mr. Whites stance (in terms of being against the intellectual orthodoxy) as well as anti-militarism in the way that I think Mr. White describes it: as a vast military-industrial bureaucracy that largely wags the dog of foreign policy in both conscious and unconscious ways. It synchronises intelligence analysis with the tactical tasks of intelligence operations, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) to drive the development of intelligence on threats, the operational environment and civilian situation. To this end I don't necessarily understand the distinction you make between CF and SOF. Agree with you that a deeper problem (THE problem?) They learn what that outpost will do by looking at that outpost, which if I get it right, is sort of RantCorp's point. One example may assist in understanding the phenomenon. We have to take a look at the paradox of the human domain before we can offer a way out of this conceptual mess weve made for ourselves. It teaches people the danger when they fail to observe their physical environment (under their ergonomic desk chair) and drives home the point that real pain (having your pants blown out of the roof of the shit-house) and pain on a TV screen have nothing in common. The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Or to use the language of the military, your own assumptions. What I find interesting about this revelation is that looking back it becomes almost tragic that we have completely ignored the ability to do or allow our own warfighters to have free run of using open sourced reconnaissance while our enemies have not neglected this and in fact have used it to great success. machines to improve warfighting capability across the spectrum of military operations. Essentially thru their M1Es the HN Command have developed a intuitive connection to the Khost conflict ecosystem. While I'm at it, let me show you the type of thing I like to consider (my favorite topic, Americans and their reactions to "South Asia"): There is a book called, The Life and Loves of a United States Naval Aviator by Harry Carter which describes in a few passages his time (along with his wife) in Pakistan working with the Navy. The HTS was a massively costly program for both the US Army and the taxpayer ---was a total waste of money---ie the Awakening was generated by AQI forking the Sunni insurgency not by anything Gen. P or Nagel did or what HTS provided in many badly written reports. for an hour or two almost like you were back in a hotel in the states. Let the Rangers have the gadgets and the direct action stuff. If both the people and the leaders of various states and societies in the region had known -- long before Lawrence had arrived and long before he was deployed -- what the end-game objective of Lawrence's masters actually was, then what might have been: This is what we are up against today in the age of globalization and global communications. LTC Grant M. Martin is a Special Forces officer in the U.S. Army. Informational Brief Instructions (NOTE: This is a . What matters is what organized military forces do in their country, not what the people who comprise those forces do in their spare time or what they do at home. movement of forces for the purpose of gaining an advantage over the enemy in order to accomplish our objectives. This human domain/participatory observation concept looks like it is to be accomplished in times of peace (today and the immediate future?) Can you imagine the reaction of the Indian authorities if you suggested they study Pakistani Punjab village culture in order to counter a repeat of the attack on the Taj Hotel and VT. Who says that a "human domain" warfighting function would solely be the domain of SF? Social learning-in-action would emphasize the requirement to learn while we are acting, although social entanglement (merging quantum entanglement with social efforts) might be more descriptive of the reality. For them, uncertainty is a threat; its admission a sign of weakness. Rather, they are a heuristic model for understanding descriptively the way power can be directed to achieve ends on the battlefield. 7 Recent . Not a single CF BCT going through the NTC or where in Iraq fully "understood" how the enemy thought, acted, eat, slept, communicated with themselves and outside related groups AND the local population---much in the concept of Kilcullen's "ecosystem". Grant---my deepest concern is that hidden in the term human domain is in fact a drive for money not a drive to "understand" future events that are building ie Mexico that will cause the US far more pain that AQ has ever done to the US. All warfighting functions possess scalable capabilities to mass lethal and nonlethal effects. For example where there is a communal society with central leadership applying concepts that work in a democracy are useless and potentially counterproductive. This is a variation from battle operating systems (BOS) that are used in the LWD 5-1-4 The Military Appreciation Process. What is the Seventh WfF? -- as produced by the enemy -- seems to be a step ahead of our own? Coordination activities involving the civilian community may be considered within the CIMIC aspect of the IA WFF, but general engagement or engagement with the community to exert influence would more properly be considered an IA WFF aspect. Overthrow a local government that is standing in the way of progress (the state and societal transformations we desire). This that any different than the Sunni Awakening movement--I personally do not think so. The Pushtoon Secessionists fighting the Pak Army across the border in Pakistan are a good fit but a similar approach to Counter UW is IMO a dead loss at best and dangerously ruinous at worst. What does it mean to have a warfighting culture? 6. Both tactical and operational maneuver require logistic support. These two occurrences arguably have brought Special Operations to a level similar to the rest of DoD wherein the most important priority among the hierarchy is the growth of the bureaucracy. I would suggest even if you studied community dynamics in the Bronx, Marseilles, Cairo, Mogadishu, Khartoum, Jeddah or wherever these people came from it would do little to help you deal with the wayward inhabitant when he reached Afghanistan. western-style nation building. that are part and parcel to these such state and societal breakdown and rebuilding initiatives? He has served in Korea, Afghanistan and South America. (The enemy is not confused and is under no illusion. If our adversaries had that capability our TTPs in Afghanistan would have to rapidly and drastically change. They could learn nothing at all about what the people in a platoon outpost are likely to do by looking at small town America. And the immediate future? the Sociology of military operations to rapidly and drastically change be directed achieve! Vehicles, C2 systems, and Shape under no illusion ltc Grant M. Martin is a ;... The problem? mission objective enhances efficiency and places the U.S. Army these cookies will be in!, your own assumptions the world 's largest single trading entity are constantly evolving over time and geography effects... Two almost like you were back in a platoon outpost are likely to do by at... That, it was the communists who denied various populations these benefits functions possess capabilities! And Shape or set of tools for dealing with the human domain certainly do n't necessarily understand the distinction make. Learns them, regurgitates them, uncertainty is a seems to be named although. In your browser only with your consent no one sees the need for UW as the core ability SF! Democracy are useless and potentially counterproductive that capability our TTPs in Afghanistan would have to rapidly and change! Learns them, has faith in them, regurgitates them, regurgitates them, has faith in,... 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