At Colwick near Nottingham, the average flow rises to 83.8m3/s (2,960cuft/s), due to the combined inputs of the other major tributaries namely the Dove, Derwent and Soar. On reaching West Bridgford it flows beneath Trent Bridge near the cricket ground of the same name, and beside The City Ground, home of Nottingham Forest, until it reaches Holme Sluices. The variation in these factors is also reflected in the contrasting runoff characteristics and subsequent inflows of the principal tributaries. Over the study period the returns revealed that there was a variation in the species caught, with a shift from roach and dace based catches, to one of chub and bream, a change that was perceived by anglers to represent a serious detriment to the fishery. This proposal formed the basis for an Act of Parliament obtained in 1783, which also allowed a horse towing path to be built. Efird Companies began in 1965 as the original developer of the Town of River Bend in . The lowest flows for the river were recorded during the drought of 1976, following the dry winter of 1975/6. Tolls were increased, and a committee recommended improvements to the river. [112] The collapse of the fishery was due to the rapid population increase of the towns that developed following the Industrial Revolution. The Grand Union refused to improve the Soar Navigation, because the Trent Navigation Company could not guarantee 135,000 tons of additional traffic. [132][133] It forms part of the Severn-Trent flyway, a route used by migratory birds to cross Great Britain. In 2000 similar conditions occurred again, with above average rainfall in the autumn being followed by further rainfall, producing flood conditions in November of that year. Newark was once an important inland port on the mighty River Trent. Plans for new larger locks at Beeston and Wilford were abandoned when the Trent Catchment Board opposed them. As they were a source of income, they were recorded in the Domesday Book at a number of locations including Weston on Trent and Fiskerton, both of which were still in operation in the middle of the 20th century. The native and migrant species are still spotted in River Trent where they live on the nature reserves and wetland areas. [46]:3647 Four of these main tributaries, including the Dove and Derwent which drain the upland Peak District, all join within the middle reaches, giving rise to a comparatively energetic river system for the UK. The only toll bridge that remains across the Trent is at Dunham, although it is free to cross on Christmas and Boxing Day. From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia before entering the Wash, a bay of the North Sea. The lower Bann flows northward through Lough Beg and carries the waters of Lough Neagh to the sea below Coleraine. At its southern end is a ruined Tudor manor house known as Torksey Castle, and beyond that, Torksey Lock marks the point where the Trent meets the Foss Dyke Canal. Lord Paget leased the navigation and the wharf at Burton to George Hayne, while the wharf and warehouses at Wilden were leased by Leonard Fosbrooke, who held the ferry rights and was a business partner of Hayne. [177], Once these early stations reached the end of their functional life, they were usually demolished, although in some cases the sites have been retained and redeveloped as gas fired power stations. The Trent now flows south-east past the town of Rugeley until it reaches Kings Bromley where it meets the Blithe. [47][148] More definitive finds from the medieval period were also found at this site and near Colwick. The River Trent was a major working river until after the Second World War. In 1823 and again in 1831, the Newark Navigation Commissioners proposed improvements to the river, so that larger vessels could be accommodated, but the Trent Navigation Company were making a good profit, and did not see the need for such work. [47], Rainfall in the catchment generally follows topography[48] with the highest annual rainfall of 1,450mm (57in) and above occurring over the high moorland uplands of the Derwent headwaters to the north and west, with the lowest of 580mm (23in), in the lowland areas to the north and east. [54][55][56], Another meteorological risk, although one that occurs less often, is that related to the rapid melting of snow lying in the catchment. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. During the 1950s, however, the same problem of effluent dilution that occurred in Stoke began to become significant in Birmingham and the Black Country. [59], Alphabetical listing of tributaries, extracted from the Water Framework Directive list of water bodies for the River Trent:[206], Trent Bridge, with Nottingham in the background, West Bridgford in the floods of March 1947, Holme Sluices: part of the Nottingham flood defences, Trent Valley Sailing Club near Trent Lock. [116][171], At Stapenhill near Burton, there were similar calls for a new bridge, a tally of usage showed that the foot ferry was being used 700 times per day. It was a Viking winter camp. Sir Ernest Jardine, who as vice-chairman had partly funded the first lock at Cromwell in 1908, died in 1947, and the company ceased to exist in 1948 when the waterways were nationalised. This can be a result of a sudden rise in temperature after a prolonged cold period, or when combined with extensive rainfall. Yet Thames and Severne both in this come short of me, [115], At the downstream end of the Potteries was Trentham Hall, here pollution became so bad that the owner, the Duke of Sutherland, made a claim against the local Fenton council in 1902. The parallel canal was thwarted in May 1793, when they negotiated the withdrawal of the canal bill by proposing a thorough survey of the river which would result in their own legislation being put before parliament. The flood bank was subsequently strengthened and repaired, following further floods during 1824 and 1852. For the Trent this proportion is lower, but with nearly half of low flows being made up of these effluent inflows, it is still significant. The major proposals included a cut and lock at Cranfleet, where the River Soar joins the Trent, a cut, locks and weirs at Beeston, which would connect with the Nottingham Canal at Lenton, and a cut and lock at Holme Pierrepont. The last act of the directors was to pay a 7.5 per cent dividend on the shares in 1950. It rises in the county of Staffordshire and, after flowing southeastward, northeastward, and then northward for 168 miles (270 km), enters the Humber estuary 40 miles (65 km) from the North Sea. More specifically, the name may be a contraction of two Romano-British words, tros ("over") and hynt ("way"). Downstream of the reservoir it passes through Stoke-on-Trent and merges with the Lyme, Fowlea and other brooks that drain the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries to become the River Trent. [48][50] '[150] A list composed in 1641 for the Trent, contained thirty types of fish and other species including those that migrated from the sea such as shad, smelt, salmon and flounder, and riverine species such as trout, grayling, perch and pike. [56] [7] This may indeed indicate a river that is prone to flooding. [163] The importance of these fords was demonstrated by their inclusion in the 1783 navigation Act, which limited any dredging at these sites so that they remained less than 2 feet (0.61m) deep. Despite a Chancery injunction against them, the two men continued with their action. Another translation is given as "the trespasser", referring to the waters flooding over the land. Today, Torksey is an ordinary Lincolnshire village that lies alongside the River Trent and astride the busy A156. "[10], The Trent rises within the Staffordshire Moorlands district, near the village of Biddulph Moor, from a number of sources including the Trent Head Well. [49] Rainfall totals in the Tame are not as high as would be expected from the moderate relief, due to the rain shadow effect of the Welsh mountains to the west, reducing amounts to an average of 691mm (27.2in) for the tributary basin. Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Stoke-on-Trent Stone Rugeley Lichfield Burton upon Trent Castle Donington Derby Long Eaton Beeston Nottingham Newark-on-Trent Rampton Dunham Bridge - A57 Swing Toll bridge Gainsborough Gunness Scunthorpe Read more about this topic: River Trent Famous quotes containing the word places: The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. There are also baseflow contributions from the major aquifers in the catchment. [116][161], Glover noted in 1829 that all three types of crossing were still in use on the Derbyshire section of the Trent, but that the fords were derelict and dangerous. [118] Written records show that in the 12th century landlords were paid in salmon, in lieu of rent at Burton upon Trent. The Travellers' Dictionary of Quotations: Who Said What, About Where? [109][110] This divide was also described in Michael Drayton's epic topographical poem, Poly-Olbion, The Sixe and Twentieth Song, 1622: And of the British floods, though but the third I be, [149], The Domesday catalogue showed that there were many successful mills and fisheries along the Trent. [26] This took place in 1593 so would have been a contemporary topic in the Shakespearean period. [36][37], In the wider catchment the geology is more varied, ranging from the Precambrian rocks of the Charnwood Forest, through to the Jurassic limestone that forms the Lincolnshire Edge and the eastern watershed of the Trent. Intensive arable farming of cereals and root vegetables, chiefly potatoes and sugar beet occurs in the lowland areas, such as the Vale of Belvoir and the lower reaches of the Trent, Torne and Idle. [33][86] In December 2013, the largest storm surge since the 1950s occurred on the Trent, when a high spring tide combined with strong winds and a low pressure weather system, produced elevated tidal river levels in the lower reaches. For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. It lies along the Adige River, south of Bolzano. Open water swimming still takes place at locations including Colwick Park Lake adjacent to the river, with its own voluntary lifeguards. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Trent&oldid=1132366164, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 14:59. Rampton. The Act gave him absolute control over the building of any wharves and warehouses above Nottingham Bridge. There were corresponding increases in dissolved oxygen, an indicator of a healthy river environment. This ranges from moorland grazing of sheep in the upland areas, through to improved pasture and mixed farms in the middle reaches, where dairy farming is important. oregon rainfall totals 2021 / tatum ranch golf membership cost / key towns of river bann. However, for practical purposes, navigation above the southern terminus of the Trent and Mersey Canal (at Shardlow) is conducted on the canal, rather than on the river itself. [120][121], In 1970, Mr Jennings again raised the issue of pollution through Burton, the River Tame continuing to be a source of the problem, and further improvements were promised. [45], The topography, geology and land use of the Trent catchment all have a direct influence on the hydrology of the river. Jan 1993 - May 202128 years 5 months. [154] by anglers, who would travel from South Yorkshire and other surrounding areas, to fish the Trent as their local rivers still remained badly polluted and were absent of fish. [177][179], The three largest remaining coal-fired stations at Ratcliffe, Cottam and West Burton still use domestic coal supplies, although this is now being replaced by imported coal brought by ship from abroad. [116], Until the outbreak of the Second World War, the main source of pollution continued to be the Potteries, although there was contamination from the Tame and other lower tributaries it was not as prominent. [89], The Trent and Mersey Canal was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1766, and construction from Shardlow to Preston Brook, where it joined the Bridgewater Canal, was completed by 1777. The residents of the town wanted to increase the use of the branch nearest to them, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1772 to authorise the work. [17] Farther downstream at Hemington, archaeologists have found the remains of a medieval bridge across another abandoned channel. key towns of river banniridescent telecaster pickguard. The current state of knowledge and proposals for future research", "Cavendish Bridge Conservation Area Appraisal and Study", "Coal-Fired Power Plants in East England & the Midlands", "Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in the Midlands", "Burton-upon-Trent: Social and cultural activities", "Tom Milner swims 139 miles in nine days", "Tom Milner completes River Trent Challenge", "National Water Sports Centre About Us", "Report on the investigation of Nottingham Princess striking Trent Bridge Nottingham", "Water Framework Directive Surface Water Classification Status and Objectives 2012 csv file", Photographs along the Trent in Nottingham from Nottingham21, Predictive Modelling of Multi-Period Geoarchaeological Resources at a River Confluence. [54][57], At the other extreme, extended periods of low rainfall can also cause problems. [182], Along with other major rivers in the Midlands, the Trent is widely used for recreational activities, both on the water and along its riverbanks. There are many fishing clubs that use the river, with catches including barbel, bream, carp, chub, dace, pike, and roach. The cost of improvements was too great for the old company, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1884 to restructure the company and raise additional capital. [90], Between Trent Falls and Keadby, coastal vessels that have navigated through the Humber still deliver cargoes to the wharves of Grove Port, Neap House, Keadby, Gunness and Flixborough. Further north at Littleborough is the site of the Roman town of Segelocum, where a Roman road once crossed the river. [23][75][76], One of the earliest recorded floods along the Trent was in 1141, and like many other large historical events was caused by the melting of snow following heavy rainfall, it also caused a breach in the outer floodbank at Spalford. [138][139][140][141], The Trent valley also links together other SSSI and local nature reserves, which have varying habitats not only for birds, but also mammals, insects and fish, a good example is the tributary River Mease where the entire watercourse has been designated both as a SSSI and a European special area of conservation. Later improvements such as the series of purification lakes that were constructed on the Tame in the 1980s, which allowed contaminated sediment to settle out from the river, also reduced pollution levels, and lessened the impact of first flush runoff events in the lower Tame and the middle Trent. The river then continues south through the market town of Stone, and after passing the village of Salt, it reaches Great Haywood, where it is spanned by the 16th-century Essex Bridge near Shugborough Hall. Towns Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent, Newark-on-Trent, Gainsborough Physical characteristics Source - location Biddulph Moor, Staffordshire, England - coordinates 530658N020825W / 53.11611N 2.14028W / 53.11611; -2 - elevation 275 m (902 ft) Mouth - location Trent Falls, Humber Estuary, Lincolnshire, England - coordinates There are other big events each year like the Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Races . Such was the case at Willington, Gunthorpe and Gainsborough. As it enters the city, it passes the suburbs of Beeston, Clifton and Wilford; where it is joined by the Leen. However, a more likely explanation may be that it was considered to be a river that could be crossed principally by means of fords, i.e. [16] An abandoned channel at Repton is described on an old map as 'Old Trent Water', records show that this was once the main navigable route, with the river having switched to a more northerly course in the 18th century. The last bridge over the river is at Keadby where it is joined by both the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and the River Torne. These lower reaches are protected from tidal flooding by a series of floodbanks and defences. [136][137], Other managed wetland sites along the river include Beckingham Marshes, Croxall Lakes, Drakelow, and Willington Gravel Pits. Failure to raise much of the capital resulted in another Act being obtained in 1887, with similar aims and similar results. It also includes the green spaces and gardens of . [23], On 1718 March 1947 the Trent overtopped its banks in Nottingham. Duke of Sutherland, describing the river in his injunction of 1902. [147], Evidence of fishing along the Trent can be traced back to the Neolithic period, with the possible remnants of a fish weir discovered in the abandoned river channels at Hemington. [8] According to Koch at the University of Wales,[9] the name Trent derives from the Romano-British Trisantona, a Romano-British reflex of the combined elements *tri-sent(o)-on-- (through-path-augmentative-feminine-) great thoroughfare. These include the Sherwood sandstones that occur beneath much of eastern Nottinghamshire, the Permian Lower Magnesian limestone and the carboniferous limestone in Derbyshire. [167] The bridge was probably gone by around 1311 when nearby Wilden ferry, near Shardlow was first recorded, and the site thereafter went without a bridge until Cavendish Bridge opened around 1760. William Jessop performed the survey, assisted by Robert Whitworth, and they published their report on 8 July 1793. [117] Angling clubs in Burton used the Dove or local lakes for fishing, as the Trent through the town was absent of any fish. Last Thursday, its senior eight were out rowing when [72], Warp was also used as a commercial product, after being collected from the river banks at low tide, it was transported along the Chesterfield Canal to Walkeringham where it was dried out and refined to be eventually sold as a silver polish for cutlery manufacturers. Not only do these provide baseflows to the major tributaries, the groundwater is an important source for public water supply. The River Great Ouse meanders through some of the prettiest towns and villages in Cambridgeshire. [114], Although he provided land for a sewage works nearby at Strongford, the problems continued such that in 1905 the Levenson-Gower family left Trentham altogether and moved to their other properties, including Dunrobin Castle in Scotland. [155], Analysis of catch returns from 1969 to 1985, showed that the fish caught most often by anglers were barbel, bream, bleak, carp, chub, dace, eel, gudgeon, perch, and roach. These consisted of V shaped alignments of stakes; wattle panels and a large wicker trap and demonstrate that passive fishing techniques were in use on the river. The engineer for the Manchester Ship Canal, Sir Edward Leader Williams, was commissioned to survey the river, while negotiations with the North Staffordshire Railway, who owned the Trent and Mersey Canal and had maintained its viability, ensured that some of the clauses from previous Acts of Parliament did not prevent progress. Tolls were reduced to retain the traffic, wages were increased to retain the workforce, and they sought amalgamation with a railway company. [36][37], Downstream of Armitage the solid geology is primarily Mercia Mudstones, the course of the river following the arc of these mudstones as they pass through the Midlands all the way to the Humber. [96] Barges still transport gravel from pits at Girton and Besthorpe to Goole and Hull. These include recreational water activities, and once rehabilitated, as nature reserves and wetlands. [106] In addition to this, the University of Oxford was formerly divided into a northern nation and a southern nation, the former consisting of English people north of the River Trent and the Scots and the latter consisting of English people south of the Trent, the Irish, and the Welsh.[107][108]. At this point the River Sow joins it from Stafford. The river flows in a southerly direction for fifty miles before reaching it's estuary on the Hamoaze, situated on Plymouth Sound in the English Channel. After this confluence, the river turns north-east and is joined by the Soar before reaching the outskirts of Nottingham, where it is joined by the Erewash near the Attenborough nature reserve and enters Nottinghamshire. The two men refused to allow any cargo to be landed which was not carried in their own boats, and so created a monopoly. Nottingham Corporation invested some 450,000 on building the locks authorised by the 1906 Act, starting with Holme lock on 28 September 1921, and finishing with Hazelford lock, which was formally opened by Neville Chamberlain on 25 June 1926. Though the river is no doubt legally still navigable above Shardlow, it is probable that the agreement marks the end of the use of that stretch of the river as a commercial navigation. The lower river occupies a peaty depression in the . In Nottingham the heights of significant historic floods from 1852 have been carved into a bridge abutment next to Trent Bridge, with flood marks being transferred from the medieval Hethbeth bridge that pre-dated the existing 19th-century crossing. The River Trent is the third longest river in England with a length of 298 km, and the second largest in terms of flow, with a basin estimating 10,435 km 2 . In 1683 the same bridge was partially destroyed by a flood that also meant the loss of the bridge at Newark. The river originates from Staffordshire, west Midlands of England, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. This led to increased investment, the closure of older and smaller works, with sewage treatment being combined at larger modern works such as Strongford and Minworth. [41][42], This staircase of flat topped terraces was created as a result of successive periods of deposition and subsequent down cutting by the river, a product of the meltwater and glacially eroded material produced from ice sheets at the end of glacial periods through the Pleistocene epoch between 450,000 and 12,000 years BP. As water quality improved from the 1960s onwards, fish numbers recovered, and recreational coarse fishing became more popular. Downstream, the inflow of cleaner water from the Dove and then the Derwent meant that conditions improved enough to allow recreational coarse fishing in the lower reaches. The company also considered a plan to reopen the river to Burton, which would have involved the rebuilding of Kings Mills lock, and the construction of four new locks. [122] The responsibility for sewage treatment works still belonged primarily to local authorities, which often meant an uncoordinated approach and a proliferation of small works. [142], One of the more unusual ecological sites is Pasturefields nature reserve near Hixon, an inland saltmarsh, which is a rare habitat for the UK. As no archive sources record that the Hemington bridge existed, there may have been other medieval bridge projects now forgotten. [158], Salmon, a species that became virtually extinct due to historic pollution, have been progressively reintroduced on the tributaries since 1998, with thousands of salmon parr being released into the Dove and its tributary the Churnet each year. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom.Its source is in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor.It flows through and drains the North Midlands.The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. Burton upon Trent. February27February 27, 2023. key towns of river bann. At certain times of the year, the lower tidal reaches of the Trent experience a moderately large tidal bore (up to 5 feet [1.5m] high), commonly known as the Trent Aegir (named after the Norse sea god). The tidal bore (or large wave) on the River Severn in England is famous, but fewer people know of the Trent Aegir, the tidal bore on the River . Beneath the alluvium are widespread deposits of sand and gravel, which also occur as gravel terraces considerably above the height of the current river level. [18][19] Researchers using aerial photographs and historical maps have identified many of these palaeochannel features, a well-documented example being the meander cutoff at Sawley. Unusually for an English river, the channel altered significantly during historic times, and has been described as being similar to the Mississippi in this respect, especially in its middle reaches, where there are numerous old meanders and cut-off loops. Tolls decreased from 11,344 (equivalent to 1,060,000 in 2021),[93] during 1839 to 3,111 (equivalent to 310,000 in 2021),[93] in 1855. A survey in 2003 showed a doubling in the number of sites where evidence, such as spraints and footprints of these elusive animals were found. This combined with the nearby supplies of fuel in the form of coal from the Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire coalfields, and the existing railway infrastructure meant that a string of twelve large power stations were originally constructed along its banks. 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