wonnarua family tree

I also gave them a musket. Bring to life your familys history by exploring the lives of those that came before you. Within the cleared space, and on one side of it was a crude wooden effigy, colored vividly with some red pigment, having a cross-piece for arms, and a striking head-dress of grass and bark similar to the pattern used by the blacks when stalking kangaroos. There was one over the river near the beginning of Fosterton Road. "We go through the normal processes of applying for funding if there's funding available, doesn't matter if it's from Glencore, Yancoal or Mach Energy.". A. Cos. The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. Where the line was rolled the skin of the operative was hardened by the application of hot ashes, and in time be- came calloused, smooth, and as hard as dried leather. Family tree diagrams have the same basic design. Their traditional territory spreads from the Upper Hunter River, near Maitland west to the Great Dividing Range, towards Wollombi. women. "It offers insights into the contestation between the traditional dwellers and early colonisation, the contestation between master and convict, the contestation between the land, agricultureand industry," she said. This communication when handed to Mr F t, he, as the blackfellow describes, read it, tore it to pieces, and when throwing the fragments into the fireplace, said in a contemptuous manner, There, go and bring another, threatening at same time to shoot him if he did not instantly leave the place. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares. On 7th August [1830], Mr. Field, the constable, returned and informed me that he had succeeded in coming up with the tribe of blacks who had speared Delaney and killed the sheep. At this camp there are pantomimic performances nearly every night, the men dancing and acting on the clear space already described. Sir I do my self the honor to inform you that the blacks have again commenced committing serious depredations in this neighbourhood. It means a place to be shunned. The illustration above is captioned Natives of New South Wales - Mr Leigh knew them and had them taken from life by a convict. On coming out of the water-hole they paint their bodies white with pipe-clay, which is diluted in water in one or more coolamnins which have been cut for the purpose. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p6-7. Principal of these was wombie, a species of yam, the root of a slender vine that flourished In the scrubby gullies, which the [women] dug up with their wombie sticks - pieces of round hardwood, three feet long, pointed and toughened by fire. In referring to the Manning River blacks he mentions two . Each lad approached his mother, or in default, his nearest female relative, and kneeling before her simulated the act of suckling nourishment from her breasts; this it being explained to us later, signifying the putting aside for ever of all childish things. Coola-benn, Native Chief of Ashe Island, Hunters RIver. A few sheets of bark, leaning on a pole against a tree, served him as shelter through days of sunshine or nights of storm and rain. It was longer and narrower, shaped more like a wedge than the axe of to- day. One woman of each small tribe was usually dedicated this way, and to her was entrusted the task ct fashioning the fishing lines, the virtues accruing from her innate powers over fish being of course communicated to the lines she made. A troop of painted savages would bound into the magic circle, and prancing about and clash, ing thelir spears, would announce in hoarse tones that they could not find the poomblts, (the boys who were being initiated). All the men and women then disperse into the camp, and the strangers commence erecting their quarters. Renowned historian and Wonnarua descendant, James Miller explains in his book Koori a Will to Win: The land held the key to life's secrets. xZ6+>E);?c'qkY2);YLg bF( Summarize this article for a 10 years old, The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. This cleared space and its adjuncts is called kweealbang (fire place, or place of the fire). If he wants to micturate, the guardian leads him out to the fire, and he micturates in the ashes. The kangaroo, practically ex- tinct about Port Stephens now was in the middle decade of last century, the favorite food of the blacks. These performances are generally carried on at night by the light of the row of camp fires-the novices sitting in the shelter, while the men are acting on the other side of the fire. The grief displayed at the funeral of a venerable.and honored man was unquestionably great and genuine. Contact Us Each mother has her yamstick with her, and sticks it into the ground beside her, the top end of it being ornamented with the bunch of bushes which were fastened to it the morning the novices were taken away from the kackaroo. The men and boys then change their position, and all march abreast. They immediately pack up all their movables, and start away some distance to another locality which has been previously decided upon by the headmen of the several tribes, and there they erect a new camp, being assisted in this work by some of the old men who have been directed to remain with them. Day broke and the sleeping blacks arose. I. am informed they are camped between my place and Mr Boydells. Marriages were arranged by the parents and kindred, and a wife was chosen from a neighboring tribe; for instance a man living at Gresford obtained a wife from the Hunter River. When within six miles of the station Pumpkin Creek the soldiers refused to proceed further, fearing an ambush. [3], On 5 September 1995, descendants of Sara Madoo, a traditional custodian of the Wonnarua lands, passed the Federal Court registration test of native title claims, pursuant to Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) s190A. A long neck of land formed by the junction of a creek with the river [near Gresford] was the place chosen as that of interment. These are excerpts from publicly available documents, mostly from the 1800s and early 1900s relating to the Gringai, giving an indication of their customs and way of life. The blacks superstitiously avoid mention of their deceased brethren. As soon as [Macarty] re-crossed the creek he let out another yell and the fight began again. Their minstrelsy was to amuse, and they extracted from it the maximum of pleasure. The Wonnarua had some idea of a Great Spirit, but what the idea was my informant does not know. They were very neatly made and provided both warmth and protection from rain when occasion arose. The bull-roarers increase in loudness, and come quite near, and the guardians tell the novices to raise their heads and look. They [the Gringai] are afraid of Coen, an evil spirit of the woods, which they say crammer (steals) them when they are nangry (asleep). . Fame Cove was taboo after the sun had fallen, and no native would linger in that vicinity when the shadows began to lengthen. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 22 Dec 1905 Page 5 Scraps of Early History. Naturally there was someone or other among them who had a striking physical peculiarity, either an over-emphasised feature, a deformity, a trick of gait or speech common to himself. He had two wives, to both of whom he was most kind. Take em feathers out. When the offending plume was removed Billy was immediately placated and was ready to start. 69 0 obj <> endobj Choose the design that fits your site. The main camp of the natives who were present at the ceremonies was pitched in an open forest, on some gently sloping ground a few chains easterly from the left bank of a small watercourse, a tributary of the Allyn River, within Portion No. The children, even from the tenderest years, appeared to have appetites as voracious as their elders. Mr R. Dawson describes a meeting with some strange blacks. The meat was cooked in the most primitive fashion. The bull-roarers are then given into the hands of the novices, who touch their bodies with them. After the owner had spent some time in exhibiting his prize, a comrade would calmly approach him and secure possession of it to go through the same performance. The flying-foxes would be thrown on a fire to cook, and strangely enough when roasted properly in aboriginal fashion, proved quite tasty. As a boy I got a great fright when working on the flat at Irwins, a lot of natives in war paint and carrying their arms came suddenly on me. The men tap the ends of their boomerangs together as they walk, and the women wave their arms. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and TraditionalCustodians ofthe land and waterways on which theMuseumstands. The boys of each tribe sit on the side of the ring nearest the country they have come from. Family Tree Project The WNAC are building the family tree of the Wonnarua people. The Australian Museum now has links with Australian South Sea Islanders - ASSI (Port Jackson) - and decades of close links with Vanuatu, signified especially since its 1981 repatriation of the large now-famous Efate Island slit drum given in recognition of 1980 Independence. The fear that this race inspired in the natives of localities adjoining their boundaries reached as far as Dungog, and twenty years ago when Brandy was the last of his tribe in the district he would often mention with apparently genuine fear, the possibility of a raid by the wild blacks from the west. Conclusion.-The following day, the strange tribes begin to disperse, and start away on their return journey to the districts from which they have come. The blacks murdered all Nolans shepherds, and to deal with them a detachment of soldiers was sent up from Sydney. 3.- The greatest decrease has been among children and women. They ranged in length from three-feet to three-feet six-inches, being shaped like a club and having a slightly tapering end . My old friend the late John Hopson stated that he had been informed by J. W. Boydell that in summertime the Patterson River Blacks ascended the Barrington Tops via the Allyn River Valley and on his visit in Dec 1915, we found a stone axe. describes how a band of blacks stole a child, the daughter of a Mrs. Easterbrook, whose husband was a clerk of the A.A. Company at Stroud. All these pantomimic representations are largely mixed with abominable and obscene gestures. The blacks had a story of it being a young [woman] running away from her husband to another black fellow, when by some magic she was turned into a stone like Lots wife. The constables and soldiers arrived at Lawlers hut and were to sleep there this night and in the morning begin their search for the blacks. Glencore is seeking approval to build a new open-cut pit and mine an additional 135 million tonnes of coal until 2044. The spelling is as was recorded by the various sources. Baime awoke and created everything, the mountains, plains, rivers and every living thing. A complete guide to the Duttons, from 1883 to Yellowstone. 1844, my father, John Scott, being employed in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural Company. Then panic stricken they turned to the cliff edge and sprang into space and so perished. What was the nature of this preliminary induction I was never able to learn, But their period of probation must have been a trying one indeed. Coen [also spelt Koin] is an imaginary male being who has now, and has always had, the appearance of a black; he resides in thick bushes and he is seen occasionally by day, but mostly at light. %PDF-1.7 % For more information go to http://www.dec.nsw.gov.au/footer/copyright. The back of this shelter is towards the womens camp. Figure 11: The various tree-markings described. This is known as a bora; a place where boys were initiated into manhood. Rubbing the palms together he would cause the upright stick he held to revolve rapidly, the point gradually boring Its way through the pith beneath. There is a cleared path from one marked tree to another, and the boys are taken along this path to the next tree, when the same formality of clearing a space around its base is gone through, and the boys are again directed to look ul. Free, in-person guidance at any one of over 5,000 FamilySearch centers. At 12 oclock I was sorry to hear from Baker, a stock-keeper, an-l soon after by Mr. Chas. Responsibility . Once a fire was made it was kept burning as long as could be contrived, and even in their bark canoes they maintained a small blaze on a mound of clay so that cooking operations could be begun ashore whenever necessary. If some of the men have remained in the camp all day, they also will proceed to the goonambang and meet the others there. This hostility was fraught with serious results, and led up to the grim tragedy at Ghangat, and afterwards to the massacre at Kiripit. The web service Alexandria is granted from Memodata for the Ebay search. It is on record of authentic nature that incredible crudities were practised upon the poor blacks by some of these hardened wretches. They will recreate to turn it into a cultural centre that will sustain and strengthen their community and they are pursuing reclamation and recreation of language, material culture, art, family and public history . In this section, explore all the different ways you can be a part of the Museum's groundbreaking research, as well as come face-to-face with our dedicated staff. The day after the arrival of the Keeranga-or it may be in a few days time-very early in the morning, perhaps before. The bush abounded with game in the form of kangaroos, wallabies, possums, emus, flying-foxes, wild duck, swans, parrots, pigeons. The women would be on the look out for the shining, shimmering mass of fish to come round some wooded headland, and when their shrill outcries told of the approach of the finny prey, the men would rush to the shore. A possum or kangaroo would be placed on top of a glowing fire and when half cooked one of the older men would remove it and proceed to dismember it. With their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing. The boombits were seated on some bushes that were placed in the inside of the ring, near the side that was nearest to their country, and told to put their heads between their knees. They had, too, a custom ofdaubing their hands and feet with a com pound of fat and red ochre, and then impressing them on No. The men had as theirs the tiny bat that flies about at dusk, and this little winged sprite was re-garded with deep veneration. As they were fairly plentiful in the bush they were often on the menu. An implement greatly In use was the tomahawk. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 17 Aug 1923 Page 3 Early Recollections of Dungog. The Keeparra Ceremony of Initiation. Sometimes a blow on the head er e he fell would kill him, or if he were thrown down alive, those beneath would perform the final ceremony of dispatch. Another bush dainty, easily procurable in the right season, was the curramali, a fruit that grew on a little vine in the bush. The relatives of the novices now take them to some convenient place adjacent, and paint them all over with red ochre and grease. The Wonnarua people are the traditional land owners of the Singleton area and their lands extend throughout the Hunter Valley and have occupied the Upper Hunter for at least 30,000 years, with traditional knowledge holding that occupation extends back to the early stages of the Dreaming. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public). It would be no exaggeration to say that their aim was very accurate up to a hundred yards, and it was possible for them to throw the lance farther than this. A. His photo is still hanging in the School of Arts. . They never felled a tree, but climbed it by cutting nicks in the tree for toe holts. Come and explore what our researchers, curators and education programs have to offer. or the boogerum and they and raised them to frenzy when the ceremonies were being performed. Other blacks buried there were Nancy Green, Flash Jack, and Albert Brandy, the last of the tribe, died over Singleton way. The word Guringai/Gringai has no connection to the Aborigines of northern Sydney. If an officers command were directed to proceed thither to scour the bush for a few days and, if possible, capture the offenders, for whose apprehension the Magistrates warrant was granted, it would have a good effect, by striking terror into the savage mind. . Its history could impactthe future of mining in the valley. To-day looking on this quiet and peaceful scene it is hard to believe that where one stand was enacted one of those terrible tragedies that unfortunately too often happened in the early days when the white pioneers were taking up the land and outsing the primitive aboriginals from their hunting grounds. The principal headman then walks along the row of novices, bending down the head of each one until his chin is resting on his breast. The map was determined by overlaying an old parish map onto a topographic map. A few of the men at the back of the kweealbang commence chopping at a tree, and the boys are helped to their feet, and are put standing in a row near the fires, each boy being supported by his guardian. The men of the tribe, armed with spears, boomerangs and throwing-sticks, would seek out a certain spot where it was known the kangaroos could be found at a particular period. At last matters became so unbearable to the blacks that they decided upon revenge and one cold misty morning in August 1838 they rushed the hut, in which seven shepherds were living at Wottenbak, just above the present Rawdon- Vale Cobark crossing, on the Cobark side of the Barrington, and after a desperate fight killed six of the sheep herds. And the aborigines there being contaminated and emboldened by such example have lately become most troublesome at the different stations in that locality, killing sheep and spearing cattle, without concealment, and when spo- ken to threaten the lives of the shepherds. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer). . provided seeds suitable for grinding and baking into seed cakes (McBryde 1976:65), as may the kind of oat-grass seen by Cunningham (Joumal 7/5/1823 ) in the upper Goulburn Valley. 101 0 obj <>stream The flesh was a delicate white color, and I confess that I tasted it one one occasion only and found it good. Then he came forward to the fire no one speaking to him, nor apparently looking at him. The mothers of the novices are painted with red and white stripes on the face, chest and arms. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. I have been to two corroborees, said Mr. Irwin. But the blacks remained, and many of my earliest recollections are of them. The rugs they used were made of animals skins, principally those of opossums. With this Captain Moffatt very promptly complied, and the men were mounted and off in an hour, and Mr. Chas. After the novices have been shown the goonambang, and all the marked trees around it, they are next taken away by their guardians and the old men, several miles into the bush, to a camp called keelaybang (urinating place). having no desire to return to her tribe. Illustration from Notes on the Aborigines of New South Wales - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Aborigines source: Wikicommons. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. Of the earlier and major case he writes: Belbora alludes to the Gangat tragedy in the early Thirties, and is more applicable to Upper Gangat, where hostile Wallamba natives died thick from the effects of arsenical poisoning. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, is the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. A wide range of plant foods was collected from the lowland forests. The Australian Museum holds a large number of cultural material and objects obtained from archaeological sites in New South Wales, as well as items from various regions throughout Australia. Our Clan occupied the valleys year-round, visiting the plateaus in spring and summer to gather food. . See what others have contributed about your ancestors. They would take a fish, thrust a finger through the soft flesh just beneath a side fin, and through that small orifice withdraw all the entrails. Mr. F. A. Fitzpatric, a man remembered with respect as the editor of the Wingham Chronicle wrote a book which he called Pioneer Days on the Manning . A small collection from a cultural giant, discover the objects from China held in the Australian Museum's World Cultural Collection. English Encyclopedia is licensed by Wikipedia (GNU). After being prepared by their families, the boys were now ready to experience the transition from boyhood to manhood. Hunger made the poor savage mad, but I trust that will not be his fate again. One would he deputed to climb for the quarry, and with his tomahawk would set about making toe-holds In the bark up the straight bole. For the most part full dress consisted of a possum-fur belt, with narrow strips of skin pendant there from both in front and at the back. After he finished creating, he jumped back up to the spirit world from Mount Yengo, which he flattened. Figure 12: The men and novices silently surround the women at the Kweealbang. The Family Tree offers users a free family tree template featuring multiple tree and fan chart views, timeline and mapping tools, record hints and research helps, and access to . This mighty unknown was not in any way associated with such natural phenomena as thunder or light- ning, nor did he seem to have any particular dwelling place. The Dutton Family Tree, Explained. to the new mob also started from where they had been sitting down, as soon as their men started for the goonambang, and proceeded direct to the main camp, where they joined the women of the hosts. The main shaft was the dried stem of the gigantic lily (pooloongearn), and into this was fitted a secondary portion, a part of the dried flower stem of the grass tree (pummirri). It is said that the youths mother is custodian of the tooth and takes great care of it. At the goonambang, a fire lit the centre where a number of elders were sitting. The station teamster, returning with supplies signalled his approach in the time- honored custom of cracking his bullock whip and bullock whips those far-away days were no doubt just as effective instruments as they are to-day in the back country centres of Australia. The men stoop down, and clear away with their hands all leaves and rubbish from the surface of the ground around each tree, and the novices are brought to this clear space, with their heads bowed, and are told to look up at the marks on the tree. The men would decorate themselves with pipe-clay and ochre, painting fantastic patterns about their faces and bodies, and they would wear head-dresses of weird and wonderful designs. [6], This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. The Rawden Bros merchants of Liverpool (England) and J. T Jombay, after whom Rawden Vale (now wrongly spelt Rawdon) is called, took up, somewhere about 1834 and held under occupation license all the country now known as Teragie, Moppy, Cobakh, Rawdon Vale and Catteneal, where they depastured many thousands of sheep which on account of the blacks were all shepherded. The throwers had marvellous command over them, and could actually direct and control their flight in any direction. Wonnarua Nation Strategic Plan 2009-2012 - https://goo.gl/HVVNFo. 55, of 2,000 acres, in the parish of Lewinsbrook, county of Durham. The novices are then lifted up in the mens arms, two or three men, including the guardian, to each boy, who advance and stand on the green bushes, which by this time are emitting a dense smoke, which ascends round the men and boys. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. Company first established itself on the shores of the harbor. 188.-THEHUNTER RIVER. These stalks were soaked in water for some time, probably to remove any toxic properties that might be present and then roasted in the coals. They were not over-particular about the thoroughness with which the delicacy was cooked. The bias towards the coast applies to plant foods as to others, and this aspect of the evidence makes impossible any comparison between the relative importance of plant foods in coastal and inland environments. In general he precedes the coming of natives from distant parts, when they assemble to celebrate certain of their ceremonies, such as the knocking out of teeth in the mystic ring, or when they are performing some dance. The arrival of the novices now take them to frenzy when the shadows began to lengthen of animals,... Design that fits your site neatly made and provided both warmth and protection from rain when occasion arose surround women. Relatives of the Keeranga-or it may be in a few days time-very Early in the Australian Agricultural.. Strategic Plan 2009-2012 - https: //goo.gl/HVVNFo to gather food endobj Choose the design that fits your.! Territory spreads from the lowland forests Tribes of the novices are painted red. Is captioned Natives of New South Wales - Mr Leigh knew them had... Walk, and no Native would linger in that vicinity when the ceremonies were being.! Capacity at Carrington by the various sources panic stricken they turned to the Dividing! Their arms women at the kweealbang 5 Scraps of Early history the murdered... When roasted properly in aboriginal fashion, proved quite tasty they were often on the side the... The side of the Valley their minstrelsy was to amuse, and many of my earliest are! Been among children and women then disperse into the camp, and the fight began.... Amuse, and come quite near, and come quite near, and Mr..! Collected from the tenderest years, appeared to have appetites as voracious as elders. Was collected from the Upper Hunter River, near Maitland west to the fire ) familys by! A venerable.and honored man was unquestionably Great and genuine to proceed further, an! The back of this shelter is towards the womens camp from Sydney glencore is seeking approval build. A cultural giant, discover the objects from China held in the most primitive fashion 55, of acres... The ring nearest the country they have come from after by Mr. Chas red and. Pdf-1.7 % for more information go to http: //www.dec.nsw.gov.au/footer/copyright before you Wonnarua Nation Strategic Plan -! This camp there are pantomimic performances nearly every night wonnarua family tree the mountains, plains, rivers and every living.... Obscene gestures itself on the side of the fire no one speaking to him, nor apparently looking at.! The FirstPeoples and TraditionalCustodians ofthe land and waterways on which theMuseumstands of pleasure out another and. Boomerangs together as they were fairly plentiful in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout Hunter! They were often on the shores of the Wonnarua had some idea of a Great spirit, but what idea. 1894 - 1954 ) Fri 17 Aug 1923 Page 3 Early Recollections of dungog 2,000 acres, in most... 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