how to grow statice from cuttings

Statice plants come in a palette of springtime colors including rose, white, pink, yellow, peach, and violet shades. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? Statice plants thrive in average, well-drained garden loam. Maintenance and care: Provide space between plants for adequate air circulation to reduce diseases. Sow statice indoors 10 weeks before the last frost. If using cell trays, place a little indent in the centre of each cell on top of the medium, with an object like a pencil eraser, or even just with a finger. While the flowers are soaking up the water or conditioning solution, ensure that they are placed in the shade or out of direct sunlight, and in a cool place if possible. One of the benefits of growing statice plants is that the flowers can be used both in the fresh and the dried state. Here are some of the common vegetables (and herbs) that you can re-grow from scraps: Potatoes. Start seeds indoors in trays with potting soil. Hello, I'm Chey! Apply a rooting hormone to the cutting, then set it in soil or water. It is very easy to harvest statice for cut flowers. Carrots, Turnips, Parsnips, Beets and Other Root Crops. The seeds are tiny, and only require a fine covering of soil. Annual Plants, complete their life cycle within one year or within one growing season, Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard, There are thousands of species of plants which have medicinal properties. Its important to harvest statice when the blooms are fully open. When you think the cuttings are ready to pot up, tip the pot gently upside down and remove all of the contents together. Statice plants perform best with a bit of benign neglect. Have a clean bucket of fresh water on hand to place the freshly cut stems directly into the water. Deciduous Tree Leafing Problems: Why Wont My Tree Leaf Out? The leaves on the stems are flat and pointed, growing upwards towards the blooms at the top of the stem. Dig the plant up in late winter, making sure you get plenty of the roots. There are several ways you can dry statice: Have you tried to grow statice in your garden? It will take 3-5 days for germination. Pressing creates a beautiful form, and there are many different ways to use the pressed statice. Spread the seed over the soil, and cover with a thin layer of vermiculite or peat. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? The seeds are tiny, and only . The statice flower in the dried state holds its colour and stem strength. Basil 18. Here are some considerations for planting statice. The leaves protrude out from the centre of the plant like wide spokes on a wheel. For additional interest, the flowers of this variety are clustered so they appear to be birds perched on a branch. . 2. Is there a more recent similar source? Craspedia seeds germinate quickly. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? Statice makes a stunning container flower with its dense, papery blooms. Move the plant to a sunny window. The blooms form at the top of the stems, and grow on upward facing branches. Sow the branch into the soil, and then pack the soil around it to ensure a tight fit. Statice finds the perfect home in salty marshes and arid or desert areas. Remember when cutting off roots from Statice, the thicker the roots the better. T, Canna Rust A Problem For Gardeners in Australia, Canna Rust: If Not Treated Can Look Unsightly Be sure not to plant dwarf varieties if you plan to use the flowers in bouquets or crafts, as long stems are important for flower arranging. Also called sea lavender (Limonium sinuatum), using statice in cut flower arrangements seems to signify fond memories in many people. The papery flowers dry easily without wilting to make colorful, voluptuous bouquets on their own, or in mixed dried . 4 Whats the best way to grow Statice plants? Keep your different statice colours together in like bunches for ease of use. If growing from seed indoors, plant statice six to eight weeks before the last spring frost in your area. Giant Blue Birds will add vibrant blue to your garden. Why does Jesus turn to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34? See these resources: If you have left flowers to dry on the plant, gently remove them to save the seeds inside for planting the following year. Start seeds of statice flowers indoors, eight to ten weeks before the last frost date. The following spring there will be little evidence of the statice plant grown the previous year. Pelargonium How to Cut and Prepare Cuttings How to Plant Cuttings Gardening Channel. Easy to grow, Statice performs best in full sun in dry to medium moisture, sandy loams, and well-drained soils. Water your statice seeds and transplants every other day until the plants are well established. Choose a container with a lid because the setup should be airtight. 1 Answer Sorted by: 5 There are three different ways to propagate this plant - if the clump is very large, you can dig it up in spring, split it and replant the section/s. Starting Statice From Seed And Statice Seedlings Update, Plus Growing Statice - YouTube I am stating some more of the seeker white statice from seed. The statice flower is beautiful in the fresh state, and the colourful blooms can be used in fresh bouquets and floral arrangements. Snake Plant 17. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Statice, or Limonium sinuatum, is a tender perennial from the Mediterranean that we grow as an annual flower in the cut flower garden. For more specifics on hanging statice to dry using this technique, especially with how to set up a drying line, check out this post: HOW TO DRY FLOWERS UPSIDE DOWN PRESERVE YOUR BLOOMS. The use of statice as cut flowers is highly desirable. Basil. Cut statice for drying when the blooms are fully opened. Use a sharp knife or secateurs to cut it into parts, again ensuring that each part has plenty of roots attached. Wrap in paper, such as Kraft paper or tissue paper. Statice flowers are very natural and wildflower-like in their appearance, making them a good choice for everlastings. Its important never to have leaves submerged in your fresh bucket of water for sanitary reasons. Plant the sprouted baby's breath plant in a hole that's just a few inches wider and deeper than its root ball. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. If your cuttings are longer than this, just use the shoot tip but remove the bud at the top. Statice is a popular dried flower due to a tendency to dry very well and maintain its shape and colour. If planted in shady areas, the plant is prone to a fungal disease called mildew. After drying statice, it is important to store the dried flowers to help preserve the color of the dried blooms. For long-term storage keep the dried flowers in a dry location, and they will have their longest shelf life. All Rights Reserved. Tithonia. Place the pot with your cuttings into a large, clear plastic bag, secure the bag with a rubber band. Allow the flowers to soak up the water, and then do not add any more water to the vase. Statice is a taller (two to three foot) plant with a cluster of small flowers at the top that grows in shades of purples, pinks, yellows, and white. These flowers are easy to germinate, easy to grow, and also very easy to dry. Statice is an evergreen perennial that stays relatively close to the ground. According to the 2009 Census of Horticultural Specialties (which is conducted by the National Agricultural Statistics Service every ten years) production of cut flowers is worth over $400 million annually in the United States. For more information on drying flowers in silica gel, you can read about it in this post: Process for drying statice in silica gel: Statice stems and flowers will dry within several weeks, with most techniques. You can use a box with the necessary dimensions, or a lidded container to hold the dried statice. Statice doesnt need much water so you can practically leave it unattended and just check on it if you have time. While this is a frost tolerant plant, wait to place your transplants outdoors once the temperatures remain 55 degrees or above. How to Grow Sea Pink, Sea Lavender, and other Limonium Plants in the Garden. Feeding:regular feeding with a balanced, controlled-release fertiliser. It is also called Sea Lavender. Make root cuttings in early spring. If the soil sits wet for long periods the plants can rot off, so ensure good drainage. But when taking cuttings, take care to avoid crushing the tissue at the cut. The cutting is usually placed in warm, moist sand. Lavender: perfumed flowers and foliage are an attractive feature of this evergreen favourite. statice growing tips , the "how-to" and a one-of-a . See full disclosurehere. For more details, visit my disclosure page. Filed Under: Farmhouse DIY Tagged With: dried flowers, Hello, I'm Chey! The most important thing is to just try to keep the soil from the last pot togetherits usually pretty easy when theyre rootbound. How big should the spacing be between Statice plants? Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? Working over the top of another clean, opened container, rub the flowerheads to separate the seeds. Store in an airtight container or cardboard box in a cool and dark place. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? Why do we kill some animals but not others? Dahlia. Statice (Limonium sinuatum) is known by many names, Sea Lavender, Wavy Leaf Sea Lavender and Notch Leaf Marsh Rosemary. How to Separate or Propagate Limonium Perezii aka: Statice? Statice flowers are very desirable as filler plants for bouquets because they are delicate-looking yet long-lasting in the vase. The other common names of sea foam, sea lavender,and marsh rosemary are a clue to the tough nature of the genus Limonium, and the fact that it thrives in coastal gardens, shrugging off salty soil and sea spray. Numerous stems will grow up from the rosette base of each statice plant, often in various stages of growth. Sow statice indoors 10 weeks before the last frost. 6 Whats the best way to plant Statice flowers? It is a bit of an effort to get them out, and I usually pull the flower head apart to get the seeds out.The seeds are oblong and dark in colour and measure about 0.5 cm in length. Full sun exposure is an important growing requirement, for without adequate light, the plants flop over. When growing statice as cut flowers for fresh bouquets, both foliage and protrusions should be stripped from lower stems to provide more longevity. Harvest statice on a dry day if possible, and in the cooler part of the day. The key is to start it indoors from seed if you grow in a zone with a shorter growing season. The seeds can be found in the dry flower head underneath where the flowers had bloomed. Yup, that's right. I also tried just spreading the withered flowers (seeds) onto bare soil. Copyright 2023. My statice plants are not blooming yet. Greenwood Cuttings - Best used in the growing season to multiply plants quickly. These names generally reference the plant's preferred growing regions in more harsh environments with salty soils. Statice is very tough, but is sensitive to Crown Rot. Mist the surface with water and then place in a propagator or cover with a plastic bag or wrap. Check out our huge range of cottage plants now and get your garden growing! Mother of Thousands 19. The plants look healthy, but no shoots. Use this helpful tool to calculate your frost dates. Usually does not need staking. Onions, Garlic, Leeks and Shallots. Feed again in mid-August with a good all-purpose (10-10-10) fertilizer. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Desert Marigold. would appreciate any help you can give me. The five ways to propagate grapes include: Hardwood Cuttings - Using dormant wood pruned off in the fall or winter. For a medium-sized container about 8 inches (20 cm) across, 5-6 cuttings will fill the pot with enough room to grow. Space taller varieties 12 inches apart, and shorter varieties 6 inches apart. Numerous stems will grow up from the rosette base of each statice plant, often in various stages of growth. Gardening Guide: Statice from Cornell University Cooperative Extension Grafting - Used by vineyards when a specialized rootstock is required for disease resistance. Moreover, keep a spacing of 8 to 10 inches apart when planting outdoors. Right now there are a lot of dead leaves at the base, so Im cutting them off. The more it is cut from the more it will bloom. When is the best time to split a Statice plant? 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. There are three different ways to propagate this plant - if the clump is very large, you can dig it up in spring, split it and replant the section/s. If planting indoors in winter, these are the steps to successful seed sowing of your statice plants: This post contains affiliate links, which means I make a small commission at no extra cost to you. Fertilise the plant using a light fertiliser during early spring to maintain its proper growth. Comfrey 16. So, it will be no surprise to you that this is one flower that tolerates a drought now and then. Statice stems can be quite long in length, and will take up a bit of space, so its important to find a suitable container for storage. For earliest blooms, start the seeds indoors two months before your average last frost. Aphids Tree Disease How To Treat Tree Aphids And Honeydew Dripping, Golden Japanese Forest Grass How To Grow Japanese Forest Grass Plant, Compost Enhancing Bacteria: Information On Beneficial Bacteria Found In Garden Compost, Home & Garden Marketplace: Advertiser Info. Is statice easy to grow? Make It Happen episode 2: House facade and garden renovation, Scotts Osmocote's guide to giving your plants the best pot, Make It Happen episode 6: Front yard makeover. To learn more about drying flowers in general, including the statice flower, refer to this post: Lets now have a look at several different techniques for drying statice. Click to see . But make sure that they can enjoy an ample amount of sunlight. Statice stems are stiff, and ridged or winged along the outer surfaces. Gaillardia. The best time to sow the seeds is summer or spring. You can directly sow seeds in your garden if you wish to and leave them to grow. Or, cut a few blooms and bring them inside. Fertilise the plant using a light fertiliser during early spring to maintain its proper growth. When growing members of Limonium plant species from seed, annuals should be sown after the last frost of spring, whilst perennials should be planted before the last frost.. Once sown, simply cover the seeds. Observe the roots, and if they are 5 cm long, you can grow up the cutting into the soil mixture. These tiny seeds require a small amount of soil to cover them. In rainy areas, the plant needs protection from exposure to moisture. Plant each seedling about 12 inches apart on all sides. I planted it and watered it every day and it was doing ok. Then I put the sprinklers on and watered a couple days after. I have another to plant and wondering what I am doing wrong. Statice flowers are long-lasting annuals with sturdy stems and compact, colorful blooms that are deer resistant. From a cutting about 15cm long, look for a node where the bud was and place the knife in behind the node and slice down, opening the cambium tissue and exposing a larger surface area along . Statice is easy to dry, and looks wonderful in everlasting arrangements. If hanging in larger amounts, a special hanging line is ideal, and will have the strength to hold many bundles of flowers. 3. Most varieties' seeds germinate in one week. A temperature around 40 F. (5 C.) is best. Layering - Used to fill in blank spots in a row . I cover my plants during the hot day to keep from the sun. Many plants, especially horticultural and garden varieties, are propagated through cuttings; by the use of new techniques, many other plants formerly not susceptible to propagation through cuttings have more successfully . Next step is to cut off the roots that you need. The key to storing any dried flowers is to keep them free of moisture and high humidity, which can lead to moulding of the flowers. Cut a bundle of statice and hang to dry upside down for several days. Once established, the plant can be divided in early or late spring. Vermiculite helps to keep the soil moist, and prevents it from drying out, which is important during germination. There should be at least 18-24 inch spacing between the plants. Transplant when the leaves start to appear. This means when the white petals are open at the top of the blooms. It also looks great bunched in a bouquet all on its own. I have an overgrown limonium perezii that I want to propagate it to the nearby areas. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Growing Statice Flowers. They will store well for several years. If you want a small, low-maintenance plant that flowers for months and months, it's hard to go past statice, or sea lavender. Cabbages. Sterilize your shears with rubbing alcoholthis helps keep your plant healthy! Watering:young plants require reliable watering as they establish. In their freshest state, statice flower heads have a beautiful intense colour. Too much water or fertilizer causes the plants to flop or succumb to fungal infections. It's important never to have leaves submerged in your fresh bucket of water for sanitary reasons. However, cultivars of statice are now found in whites, yellows, pinks, violet, and orange colors. Enjoy the process, as drying statice is yet another way to enjoy this wonderful flower. You can also pair statice with the money plant Lunaria biennis, which offers an intriguing textural contrast with its ethereal translucent seed pods that resemble coins. Direct seeding is not recommended. Copyright 2023 Farmhouse & Blooms on the Foodie Pro Theme, Forcing Flowering Branches For Beautiful Spring Blooms , HOW TO DRY FLOWERS ( 7 METHODS TO PRESERVE YOUR BLOOMS), HOW TO PRESS FLOWERS 5 WAYS TO PRESS EVERLASTINGS, CUT AND COME AGAIN FLOWERS IN THE CUTTING GARDEN, How To Harvest Chicory Seeds- Collection And Storage, How To Grow Chicory (Cichorium Intybus)- Planting And Care, Winter Sowing Lupine Seeds- Planting And Care, Growing Nasturtium From Seeds- Planting And Care, Easy Teddy Bear Sunflower Care: Growing And Care, How To Propagate Rhododendron From Cuttings, How To Make Edible Flower Ice Cubes -Decorate Your Drinks, How To Grow Violas From Seed- Violas And Pansies. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. When growing statice as cut flowers for fresh bouquets, both foliage and protrusions should be stripped from lower stems to provide more longevity. There is only one main trunk connecting the roots. Last updated on February 17th, 2023 at 10:40 pm. Statice is usually smaller than other plants. You should sow them at least 1 inch deep in the soil. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? These blooms make wonderful cut flowers, both in the fresh form and dried form. I dont even know if the one with the dried out bottom will die or not since the flowers themselves show strong even when the plant is dying. Fertilise the plant using a light fertiliser during early spring to maintain its proper growth. Leave spent statice perennials like Limonium lacifolia and Statice tatarica in the garden without cutting them back. Conditioning makes a big difference in the longevity of the cut flower post harvest, increasing vase life significantly. Use a very sharp knife or bypass pruners. For earliest blooms, start the seeds indoors two months before your average last frost. Statice is considered to be a cut and come again flower. The lower leaves should then be removed carefully so as not to harm the stem. The soil should remain moist until the seeds have germinated, and regularly monitor your containers to make sure that they dont dry out. You will probably enjoy blooms even after the first light frosts of the season. Hanging statice to dry is by far the easiest way to dry these flowers. Sometimes we spray them a minute in the evening, just to cool them after the hot day. Statice is quite drought tolerant, and after it is established in the garden, does not require any extra water other than what it receives from the elements. The cut must be clean and crisp. If planted in shady areas, the plant is prone to a fungal disease called mildew. Cut statice stems right down to the base of the rosette leaves. Occasionally young statice plants might be attacked by insects, but they very rarely pose a problem. Plant your statice transplants or seeds in well draining rich soil infused with sand. Hang the stems by securing them to any type of structure that allows good air flow between bouquets. Statice Leaves And Basal Rosette Statice leaves are also unique. Statice seeds (Limonium sinuatum) Then lightly cover the seeds with more soil. There should be at least 18-24 inch spacing between the plants. Each stem will produce multiple branches with blooms at the top of each branch. Fertilise the plant using a light fertiliser during early spring to maintain its proper growth. The seeds are placed on the heat mat until they are at least sixty percent germinated. While this is a frost tolerant plant, wait to place your transplants outdoors once the temperatures remain 55 degrees or above. The statice flowers appear on the tops of strong, wiry stems held above the foliage. Like most flowers, statice is usually grown from seeds. Pinching stimulates the growth of these side shoots. You can also sow the seed directly in the ground for a natural effect. She has more than 20 years of experience caring for flowers and plants. Light aids germination; cover just enough to hold seeds in place. The flowers will now be hydrated, and will be in their best condition to dry in place in the vase over a period of several weeks. English Statice with calyxes, which has 1-2 inch clusters and comes in different colours such as white, yellow, lavender, pink etc. Statice plants are easy to start from seed and an economical way to fill up your cutting garden with blossoms. Statice plants are hardy enough to withstand the winter cold without pruning or cutting back. You can also use root cuttings taken during midwinter and plant them indoors to create a new plant. That didn't work. This makes them particularly useful as dried flowers. Keep the soil moist at 65-70 degrees F. Seedlings emerge in 21-30 days. If you want to use Statice as a dry flower, cut the flower along with 12-18inch of the stem when the flowers are percent open. Conditioning flowers is a process that should be provided to all cut flowers, regardless of whether you plan to use them in the fresh or dried state. It boasts dense clusters of papery, funnel-shaped flowers in summer and early fall. Did you get a response to your statice problem? I often add statice to the farmhouse bouquets. I'm so excited for this year's growing season. It really depends on the material being cut. Early to late spring is the ideal time for division, but root cuttings can be taken in the middle of winter and cultivated indoors or in a cold frame until spring. Flowering:lavender-blue flowers in spring, summer and autumn. This gives them a head start on the growing season, and most of our flower seeds are started this way. You can also purchase a ready made flower press. You can feel when the flowers are dry, as they feel dry to the touch and lighter in weight. When you seed this, you will know that the flower is not in the freshest state for harvesting or drying. We are in Los Angeles. Also make sure that your containers are well cleaned prior to usage. LIGHT PREFERENCE: Sun. These seeds will automatically germinate when the timing is right for the growing zone where they have been planted. Each stem can have three or four pronounced ridges running vertically up the stem surface. Celery. Provide temperatures of 60F (16C) for 1-2 weeks after the seedlings emerge to encourage rooting. The conditioned and prepared statice flowers will be in their freshest and most hydrated state, and will be perfect for drying. Bulb Fennel. You can also sow the seed directly in the ground for a natural effect. Mint 15. And, plan to water your statice plants early in the day so they have time to dry out in the daylight. If the plant is not in full sun, water only when it has a lot of sun, so the crown can dry quickly, and try to water the ground without drenching the crown of it is shaded. Statice plants grow 15 to 30 inches tall in all zones as a warm-weather annual. Remember to plant it in a frost-free area. Due to its funky, musty odor, you wont want to bury your nose in a statice bouquet, but you will find the rugged plants a pleasing addition to rock gardens or seaside landscapes. I generally use a holding solution in my bucket, which helps to condition and hold the stems in their fresh state. Each plant produces multiple stems in various stages. Everything is dying on me, even cactus. Sea form Statice with smaller calyxes and without foliage. Otherwise, you can try semi ripe cuttings, in mid to late summer, from non flowering shoots, some instructions in the link below, http://www.garden.org/regional/report/arch/inmygarden/200. These interesting blooms have strong thick stems, and tissue paper like flowers that are perfect for drying. Move the plant to a sunny window. The coloured parts in the flower head are the calyx of the flowers. The long flowering period is a major attraction of sea lavender. My favourite way of pressing statice is using a. For optimal water uptake by the plant, stems should be cut at a 45-degree angle rather than straight across. Arizona annual flowers planting guide helps you learn when to plant flowers in Arizona, and whether to plant seeds or transplants. Statice is usually smaller than other plants. It will take 3-5 days for germination. Although statice does have side shoots, pinching does not affect their growth. They grow into wedge or wing shaped bunches at the top of each branch, which includes the colourful calyxes, and the occasional white tiny bloom. Statice, also known as sea lavender, is a fresh flower that can easily be dried. We use. After the seeds have been planted we bottom water the tray by immersing in a tray of water. Place the cutting in enough water to cover where the leaves were removed. Hanging along a line or wire is ideal. As with all cut flowers it is important to strip off the lower leaves before placing in water. Should I take back? Can I grow statice from cuttings? Have a clean bucket of fresh water on hand to place the freshly cut stems directly into the water. The seeds can be planted directly in the soil when grown outdoors or the seeds can be started indoors about 6-8 weeks before planting them outdoors. To grow from stem cuttings. For best results, harvest statice for drying at the optimal time, and make sure to condition the flowers before starting the drying process. If you are a gardener looking for flowers that sell well, then growing Statice is a good option. Statice is easy to grow and salt tolerant. Growing Statice: Easy and Profitable from Mother Earth News, Creative Commons Flickr photo courtesy of juliejordanscott, Filed Under: Flowers Tagged With: dried flowers, growing statice, limonium, sea lavender, statice, What I need to know is I have had static before and it grew pretty good. You can store trays in a basement or in a cold greenhouse with natural lighting conditions. cutting, In botany, a plant section originating from the stem, leaf, or root and capable of developing into a new plant. The plant needs trimming off dead flowers to encourage blooming. This is a very easy-going and rewarding plant with few demands. Remove bottom leaves if present, recut stems under water and place into a fresh flower food solution. Moisten the mix, but don't make it sodden. Thanks for contributing an answer to Gardening & Landscaping Stack Exchange! Use root suckers because they will root and grow more vigorously than shoots taken from other parts of the tree such as the trunk or branches. Easy Tier-1 Trio. Statice Seeds can be started inside 6 to 8 weeks before planting or planted right outside. Keep an eye out for crown and root rot and make sure you provide good air circulation. Staice is fairly drought tolerant. Aside from the usual sowing of seeds, you can also try other means of statice propagation through root cuttings. This formation of leaves in the rosette is apparent even in the tiny seedlings, and grows wider as the plants get established in their growing locations. Thank you. Here are 3 easy step to do root cuttings for statice: Dont put too much water on the soil to prevent rotting. How to Grow and Care for Statice Seeds for statice can be started indoors several weeks before the last frost of the year. You wont find statice plants in many nurseries, but the seeds are cheap and sprout readily even for those with brownish thumbs. Spread the seed over the soil, and cover with a thin layer of vermiculite or peat. Sow inch deep in seed-starting formula. Asbestos, lead-based paints and copper chromium arsenic (CCA) treated timber are health hazards you need to look out for when renovating older homes. Drying time is approximately 2 to 3 days. With a sharp pocket-knife remove a few of the burgeoning stems, 5-7cm long, from as near the base of the plant as you can. They thrive in drought conditions -- too much water can induce a variety of diseases.

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