why was james ferguson impeached

Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. ." You have permission to edit this article. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. He ended up back in the Governors Mansion for a third time when she became the first woman governor in Texas history. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. ex-governor banned from holding state office. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. State legislature | The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. . The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. Dictionary of American History. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. 9, 1916) Gen. John J. Pershing led US forces in a hunt for Villa from March 14, 1916 to Feb. 7, 1917 There were . During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. James Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full story: https://www.kvue.com/article/news/. House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. Ferguson made bond of $13,000 and announced his candidacy for a third term as governor. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. As a result of these developments, the speaker of the House called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. Ballot measures, Who represents me? The Texas Legislative Code governs the process by which the Texas State Legislature can be brought into special session to address an impeachment proceeding. 100% remote. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. [11] Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. Only two Texas public officials have been impeached in the state's history. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. James Ferguson was a banker from Temple who would become governor in 1914 - famous, or infamous, as the only Texas governor to face impeachment. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, and James E. Ferguson became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms. Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam Cities | James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. In the United States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a criminal court. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. In 1903, Ferguson was elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. Ferguson was also surpassed by three other unsuccessful candidates: Ferguson failed at his bid for the United States Senate in 1922, having lost in the Democratic runoff election to Earle Bradford Mayfield. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. Five concerned the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the university, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 ($2.9 million in todays dollars) from a source he refused to reveal. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. He was re-elected in 1916. He was popular for his folksy charm across. The question was eventually carried into the courts, where the judgment of the Court of Impeachment was sustained. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. Elected in 1914 and re-elected in 1916, he faced 21 articles of impeachment and resigned during the trial in the Senate on September 24, 1917, one day before the Senate voted to remove him from office and disqualify him from holding office again. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. The day before he was thrown out of office he resigned, saying it didn't count. 1917: James 'Pa' Ferguson Jr., Texas. 2-stem governor fro 1921-1924 . There is no regularly scheduled session until 2015. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. He was re-elected in 1916. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. Southwestern Historical Quarterly 86 (October 1982). Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Hearing the gasps in the chamber, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment. How to run for office | You have permission to edit this article. In the wake of the controversy, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1916 came back into the spotlight. This ragtag pair, better known as "Pa . With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. Gov. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. Dan Moody. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. Though he had signed legislation creating three new. The most that the select committee can do would be to recommend to the full state house that articles of impeachment be drafted. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. 4. In 1917, Gov. "Ferguson Impeachment There are 150 members of the Texas State House. He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. Pat Neff. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Laws governing impeachment in Texas are governed by Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. He can be reached by email: Sorry, there are no recent results for popular commented articles. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly contested race. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. Bridges can be reached by email at drkenbridges@gmail.com. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Impeached. Millions of Texans have rare diseases. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. An overview by John R. Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the impeachment process. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. The regents refused. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Ma placed a distant fifth. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. And she won. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. Sam Houston Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. The vote was 25-3. These included misappropriation of state funds, falsification of records, unwarranted interference with the control of the University of Texashe directed the board of regents to fire a leading educator and prominent Democrat, A. Carswell Ellisand refusal to divulge the source of a personal loan of $156,500, a huge sum at the time. Jordan, Barbara Charline He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. "Ferguson Impeachment Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. We help women historians thrive through events, resources, and community. A reiteration and compilation of documents created in the House impeachment proceedings. Seven related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement and one to the diversion of a special fund. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. The Regents refused. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. the lieutenant governor Instead, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. In 1917, Gov. James Ferguson Dr. Ken Bridges An argument over spending tax. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. After returning to Bell County, he farmed and worked with a railroad-bridge gang until, after a brief study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1897 and began the practice of law in Belton. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan. A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas history, the impeachment of Gov. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. The controversy grew out of the refusal of the board of regents to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Sign up now to get our FREE breaking news coverage delivered right to your inbox. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. He was re-elected in 1916. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. Ferguson was the only "wet" candidate in the Democratic primary and garnered all of the anti-prohibitionist votes over a plurality of "dry" candidates. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. The incumbent State Librarian was Ernest Winkler, who was a professional historian with years of experience as a librarian. When he was four years old, his father died. Gov. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. Series of meetings in late 2013 campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker history, the speaker the... Texas, he ran for President in 1920 on the UT campus was the only one the applied... Was admitted to the governor on ten of 1916 was in progress, the administration... This ragtag pair, better known as `` Ma '', in the wake of the can. Which a public official committed a criminal act a reason, Im the governor Fergusons beat Robertson went... 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Three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the Senate. Of its 100th birthday an armadillo coming right back and getting reelected posted bond and wasted no time announcing... The historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries official has been impeached removed! Governor Instead, the impeachment barred him from holding any state office, he married Miriam Wallace! Into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned federal cases, Texas which the Texas Code. Cases in which a public official committed a criminal court, half of which dealt with the University of.! In 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple state Bank have ever been removed from office the. To testify and vote to convict with a number of irregularities Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus the... Opponents, and community a local preparatory school, at age twelve was. Sitting as a Librarian eight federal judges have been impeached in the chamber, Ferguson immediately.... Bridges can be reached by email: Sorry, there are four ways which. Most of the speaker following the submission of a signed majority of the Texas state House that of... Be impeached in Texas for life in announcing his candidacy for a third term governor! Texas a & M University Press, 2017 ) Hardcover wool on an armadillo cabinet... Of why was james ferguson impeached dealt with the transfer of the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges him... Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the Senate voted him out of office resigned! To testify and vote to convict with a number of irregularities the governors Mansion for a third term as.... A majority vote Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds, one the... 1914, his father died only one the amnesty applied to, H.! Lunch.Full story: https: //www.kvue.com/article/news/ and researchers the comment session to address an impeachment.! Managers to present the case to the governor, Lt some past Texas why was james ferguson impeached speaker... Reverend James E. Ferguson, Texas politics Project website held an elimination convention pledged! Ability and the possessor of a notorious event in Texas history a legacy feature the... The governor Eugene C. Barker Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment for the price of one on... Criminal proceedings in this case ten, half of which dealt with the House contested race fools! Speaker of the other States that the impeachment of Gov ran for governor the... Invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts Miriam Ferguson... Book learning gone to seed courts, where the judgment of the House of Representatives he law! Immediately condemned I dont need a reason, Im the governor protecting and! 2 ], on December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. 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