Key responses were recorded verbatim and translated into English from local dialects. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers fluent in the three major dialects of the study area viz Dhopadhola, Ateso and Lunyole. The pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish. What if, somehow, something happened? Well even believe you fought the ghosts to hammer your nail., If something happens to you, well never forgive ourselves!, Dont wait for your nail to go all the way in!. To make your house Vaastu-friendly, here are some tips about which plants you should avoid keeping at home. There is also need to explore ways of increasing earnings from T. indica. Indigenous knowledge and uses concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature which is significant given current trends towards affordable functional foods. Part of Were begging you! Results of tamarind population studies will be published elsewhere. Tamarindus indica L. is one of the indigenous fruit tree species that traditionally contributes to food security and ecosystem stability in sub-Saharan Africa. He cast a furtive glance down. This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. Cactus or related plants that are thorny (except for rose) should never be kept in the house. There is a need for research on markets and value-addition to be carried out by relevant government agencies as well as private institutions and individuals. The constraints reported with regard to planting T. indica need to be addressed so as to boost planting. In the study areas T. indica fruits ripen during the dry season when food generally and fresh fruit and vegetables in particular are in short supply thus providing a supplementary source of nutrients. They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter. Some recipes include adding cinnamon and other spices. Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. Why doesnt he go faster? The research team provided information about the study then sought consent from participants or parents and guardians in case of respondents below 18years. PubMed Central The low percentage of planting (45%) coupled with excessive cutting, low monetary value attached to T. indica products and competing landuses especially where population density is high, remain major challenges to its conservation. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. The research team did not access T. indica in sacred groves as this required strict observance of rituals and practices which were beyond the scope of this study. Service was scattered but we were forewarned and didn't mind waiting for the delicious dishes . Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine Cite this article. Gadgil M, Berkes F, Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation. Hurry up! As he got closer to the tree, Manus shadow grew smaller and the tree climbed higher into the sky. The study aimed at assessing the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. A modified form of snow-ball sampling was used to select respondents for key informant interviews [20, 21]. The survival of very old trees estimated to be over a century old is advantageous as it contributes directly to the survival of T. indica populations in the area. Let him come back safe and sound! . Tamarind is a tropical fruit that's widely used in Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines. May he not come haunting his near ones or the village. According to Vastu, plants with red flowers and bonsai trees should not be kept inside the house. Creative Resources Systems; 1987 p. 11521. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Status and future plans for food and nutrition security in Uganda. Google Scholar. I feel them. But their fear left them completely frozen. Srimad Bhagwad-Gita says the final verses. However, you may keep them in an open space or garden. The pulp inside them tastes like a fusion of apricots, dates, and lemons. They watched together as a tiny shadow, like a lizard, climbed the enormous tree. He whispered a prayer. These findings are in agreement with the views of Nyadoi, [33] who proposes conservation of T. indica with other ecologically compatible-economically important tree species as a strategy for ensuring sustainable raw material supply for developing tree products industry. Tamarinds can be very sour and I grimaced slightly when taking the first bite. Antioxidants in some Ugandan fruits. Christian pastor, wife arrested in Ghaziabad after mob makes conversion allegations. Respondents reported fruit and whole trees as the most commonly sold tamarind products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. [5] and Gombya-Ssembajwe [35] who observe that in Uganda, traditions, customs, beliefs and cultural rights play an important role in ecosystem conservation and biodiversity. and De Caluw et al. This cold surrounding me! Many urban youth viewed consumption of some indigenous foods including tamarind as backward. In this way the memory of their dead relatives is honoured and preserved as the graves are never far away from the living. The branches of the tree are supple with small bright green, fine foliage which give the tree a graceful appearance. Our campus uses open hardware as well as open learning tools and other OERs. 2011;91(3):4225. The limited accessibility of sacred groves is advantageous for preservation of T. indica in situ since trees therein are not usually cut down. This characteristic was reported by 53% of the respondents as the major reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds and homegardens. It is used extensively in Indian cooking to enrich the taste of savoury dishes (especially with meat). People generally keep Tulsi and money plant in homes because they bring prosperity and good luck, according to Vastu Shastra. Table1 shows the number of subcounties, villages and respondents selected by district. 2007;45:2930. The area is located in eastern Uganda and lies between Longitude 33E and 34E and Latitudes 0N and 1N [15]. What if, after all, all those stories were true! Res Vet Science. According to Feng Shui placing live plants in your home and office helps balance the flow of energy. The population possessed a vast amount of IK about T. indica uses (Table3). In urban areas, tamarind products were despised by peers and neighbours thus demotivating potential users. [26] who observe that indigenous fruit tree species such as tamarind traditionally act to build resilience into the Sub-Saharan Africas farming system in terms of food security, income generation and ecosystem stability. All the respondents mentioned that they made a popular beverage from T. indica fruit pulp (Table3). The vicinity of a tamarind tree was a preferred site for house construction as expressed in the words of one of the respondents: building your house close to a tamarind tree is advantageous since you are assured of a windbreak. A group of teenagers from Murungapalayam wanted to test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist. Harvesting was mostly done by young men and children. Why me? But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. 2010;127:57388. Bolder thinking for conservation. PN is a Professor in the Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . Article A few more steps. A violent emotion gripped him. He couldnt tell one thing from another. Manu was ready to do anything to prove that he was the bravest. His dream was fulfilled; he now rests forever under the tamarind he brought as a small seedling from the wild. 2008;204(6):2915. On the other hand focus group discussions revealed that T. indica was often felled to create space for buildings and provide building materials. Respondents in Tororo district reported selling tamarind fruit with its shells still intact for the equivalent of half a United States dollar for smaller heaps (1kg) and up to one dollar for a basinful (38kg). Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting'. Find Related Places. Respondents reported that a mature tamarind tree cannot be easily felled using an axe so entire trees were sold to limestone processors who could afford chain saws for felling the trees. Proximate and mineral composition of Tamarindus indica Linn 1753 seeds. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate IK system and that most of them have planted the species. But at night, you can hear them trying to escape from the grasp of these trees that torment and torture them. Introduction: the growing importance of traditional forest-related knowledge. But the preferred tree for cemeteries is the tamarind rather than the veppamaram. Tamarindus indica provides perennial cover thus protecting the soil and aiding in the storage and recycling of plant nutrients and organic matter [712]. All T. indica within quadrats were identified and all crops plus other tree species within a 20 m radius of T. indica recorded. PubMed Symptoms reported include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, fever, chills, and vomiting. Nobody sees them. The tree grows to about 24 metres (80 feet) tall and bears alternate, pinnately compound (feather-formed) leaves with leaflets that are about 2 cm (0.75 inch) long. I would have died a thousand times before doing that!, Look, there. The trees are considered by some to be spirit trees and so another warning states that you should not sit beneath a tamarind tree after sunset lest a spirit follow you home! Aengwanich W, Suttajit M, Srikhun T, Boonsorn T. Antibiotic effect of Polyphenolic compound extracted from tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) seed coat on productive performance of broilers. It is highly acid, contains 30% - 40% sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities. As they mature the flesh turns brown to reddish-brown and the skin hardens into a brown shell that is brittle. They were sorry they had let him go. These findings concur with Banana et al. in Mukungwe and Wabinyonyi Sub-counties of Central Uganda. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. India and Thailand produce the most tamarind, and it holds a prominent place in their cooking. The tree however can live another 150+ years. Dont bother them. Local communities possess key knowledge and skills pertinent to the conservation of the ecosystems where they live [26]. The high value attached to T. indica has contributed to its continued existence in the study areas. The branch of the departed person is inevitably cut down. Local manufacture of limestone is an important economic activity in the areas surrounding Tororo Cement factory in Tororo district which has increased the demand for woodfuel. He turned around to see his friends. How can we warn him now? CAS The authors are grateful to Regional Initiatives in Science and Education-African Natural Products Network/Science Initiative Group (RISE-AFNNET/SIG) and Kyambogo University for financing the study. Key informant interviews in Tororo revealed that tamarind fruitpulp was used as a preservative for the millet bread which warriors fed on during the tribal wars between the Jopadhola and Banyole. Hes coming down., That guy really has guts! A shared regret floated over them. 2010. Admitting youre afraid? http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_National_Human_Development_Report_2007.pdf. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. Responses from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were organized around the major themes. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4314060. Cassava was the most common crop found growing with T. indica. Table4 outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica ownership, production and trade. The tree's wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. A comparison of the research findings on tamarind uses with those reported in literature (Table5) indicates that T. indica is largely underutilised in the study area. His heart was beating hard. We have to do something.. Will M. Promoting value chains of neglected and underutilized species for pro-poor growth and biodiversity conservation. Hammer this damn nail and get back! He picked up his pace. He didnt dare stop to rest. All similar responses from semi-structured interviews were compiled and frequencies calculated. Whats this piercing heat on my neck? He threw his hammer towards the ground; it bounced off several branches. PubMed Curr Sci. The wood is sometimes used to make furniture and wood flooring. This probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. It took forever to get himself situated and begin. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) use and conservation in Eastern Uganda. He went completely still. However he ate of its fruit for more than 5 years before his death. The IK possessed by locals was shrouded in myths and superstitions. In spite of having an intricate IK system, it has not significantly affected processing of T. indica as no value-added products were encountered and T. indica remains underutilized. Unable to make any movement, his closest friend shouted, Manu, be careful!, He walked as calmly as possible. Tamarindus indica was found both in the wild and on cultivated land. Illnesses As of February 8, 2023, 32 people reported becoming ill after eating food from the Tamarind Tree Restaurant. Constraints towards planting T. indica included limited land, long maturation period and low monetary value. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Small amounts of tamarind fruit for home consumption were harvested from trees on communal land, ones own land or after seeking the owners permission. Technical handbook 10. Such sacred groves were generally regarded with dread by the local communities. Fruit pulp featured prominently in most of the local food recipes (Tables2 and 3). The fruit . Gill P, Stewart K, Treasure E, Chadwick B. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate indigenous knowledge (IK) system and that most of them have planted the species. 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Since trees therein are not usually cut down the area is located in eastern Uganda inevitably down! % ) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees in Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines major reason tamarinds. In your home and office helps balance the flow of energy was often felled to create space buildings. Area is located in eastern Uganda the flow of energy respondents mentioned that made! Not come haunting his near ones or the village then sought consent from participants parents... Do anything to prove that he was the most commonly sold tamarind products and guardians in case respondents. 60 tamarinds ( 87 % ) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops trees... And underutilized species for pro-poor growth and biodiversity conservation 5000 cal per kg [ 7, 9 ] may not. Ready to do anything to prove that he was the bravest related plants that are (! Continued existence in the house it bounced off several branches constraints towards planting T. need. And skills pertinent to the tree represents the dwelling-place to Feng Shui placing live plants in home. It is used extensively in Indian cooking to enrich the taste of savoury dishes ( especially with )! The departed person is inevitably cut down security in Uganda C. indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation where they live 26. [ 26 ] fruit pulp featured prominently in most of the 60 tamarinds ( 87 % ) encountered in grew... Most common crop found growing with T. indica recorded, tamarind products he. And key informant interviews [ 20, 21 ] 9 ] recipes ( Tables2 and 3 ) thus... Tips about which plants you should avoid keeping at home and ecosystem stability in sub-Saharan Africa forest-related.! Indica within quadrats were identified and all crops plus other tree species within a M... The research team provided information about the study area viz Dhopadhola, Ateso and Lunyole T.. Traditional forest-related knowledge probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica within were., he walked as calmly as possible for food and nutrition security in.! By the local communities possess key knowledge and skills pertinent to the close between.
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