In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Why was France a threat? When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . Overview of Elizabeth I / Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. They began to revolt against the Spanish. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. Company Reg no: 04489574. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. As such, I disagree with the statement. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. VAT reg no 816865400. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Write a paragraph or two. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Born: 7 September 1533. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. Why religious compromise was so difficult. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. LS23 6AD In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. Norfolk was killed in 1572. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack.
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