On December 12, the same day as the U.S. Supreme Court ruling, the Florida House approved awarding the state's electoral votes to Bush, but the matter was moot after the Court's ruling. United States presidential election of 2000, A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps. It will go down in history as one of the most closest elections in US history. Eventually, the Florida Supreme Court decided (43) to order a statewide manual recount of the approximately 45,000 undervotesballots that machines recorded as not clearly expressing a presidential voteand accepted some previously uncertified results in both Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties, reducing Bushs lead to a mere 154 votes. Specifically, the use of different standards of counting in different counties violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Upon such an overvote, the entire vote for that office shall be void and shall not be counted. Bush carried most states in the South, the rural Midwest, and the Rocky Mountain region, while Gore won most states in the Northeast, the upper Midwest, and the Pacific Coast. First of all, this is a completely different election from the one 20 years ago, Goretold NBC News, saying that Biden has multiple pathways to secure his victory over Trump. Will the current Florida conundrum need a resolution from the same source? 5 Remarkably Close U.S. Presidential Elections, https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-2000, Brookings - Reflections on the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election, Parliament of Australia - US Presidential Election 2000, GlobalSecurity.org - 2000 Presidential Election, sample butterfly ballot from Florida, 2000, United States presidential election of 1996, United States presidential election of 2004. There is a real issue here about what voting actually means. [78] Among the nearly 85,000 Votomatic overvotes in the sample, only 721 reclaimable votes were confirmed in the NORC study. The 2000 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the nationwide presidential election. It also remarks that there were variations between examiners and that election officials often did not provide the same number of undervotes as were counted on Election Day. [23], Political commentator and author Jeff Greenfield observed that the Republican operatives in Florida talked and acted like combat platoon sergeants in what one called "switchblade time", the biggest political fight of the century. The vote had been announced by Florida's secretary of state. Meanwhile, on December 6 the Republican-controlled Florida legislature convened a special session to appoint a slate of electors pledged to Bush, as the U.S. Constitution bestows upon state legislatures the duty to determine how its state's electors are appointed. Direct link to famousguy786's post The answer to your questi, Posted 7 years ago. The official result was finally decided by Katherine Harris, Florida's Secretary of State, when she was forced to certified the . She was the Florida secretary of state, in charge of legally certifying winners in any statewide vote. The margin in Florida had shrunk to a sliver and a recount seemed in order. India? [78] The 175,010 ballots examined contained undervotes (votes with no choice made for president) and overvotes (votes made with more than one choice marked). IF the results were "scattered", who would officially be president? Bush also probably would have won had the state conducted the limited recount of only four heavily Democratic counties that Al Gore asked for, the study found. Palm Beach Post, 11 Nov. 2001. [82] The post-controversy recounts revealed that, "if a manual recount had been limited to undervotes, it would have produced an inaccurate picture of the electorate's position."[4]. By winning Florida, Bush narrowly won the electoral vote over Gore by 271 to 266only 1 more than the required 270 (one Gore elector abstained). We shall see how long it takes to resolve this time. "[7], The Florida election was closely scrutinized after Election Day. Initial election returns showed that Gore had won the popular vote, but neither candidate had garnered the 270 electoral votes required to win the presidency. A result of the US recession that began in 2008 was. Although Gore had won the popular vote by roughly a half-million ballots, the all-important Electoral College count from the other 49 states (and District of Columbia) was so close that whoever won Florida would be the overall winner. To some, voting is a right that should be guaranteed regardless of any incompetence, error, failure, or irresponsibility on the part of the voter. NBC News' Simone Boyce takes a look back at the 2000 election and explains the. On November 21, the Florida Supreme Court ruled unanimously that manual counts in Broward, Palm Beach and Miami-Dade Counties must be included and set 5:00p.m. on November 26 as the earliest time for certification. Declared George bush the winner of Florida after intervention from the Supreme Court of the United States and gave bush the state by a margin of 537 votes. Unlike the other 20 counties, Palm Beach and Pasco Counties determined voter intent on 74 overvotes for Gore and Bush; however, they did not include them in their certified results. "[4] A physical mark on a ballot, at or near a designated target, is such an indication. [83] Under the other standards used in the study, Bush's margin of victory increased as looser standards were used. Yes, I do. In the Election of 2000, Florida was. George W. Bush, et al., Petitioners v. Albert Gore, Jr., et al. So this week we begin again the arduous process of deciding how to count, and recount, Florida. Bush, Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon. Direct link to Mr. S's post B.K., sounds like you are, Posted 5 years ago. [12], On election day itself, the extent of the mix-ups in the electoral rolls was such that "in a number of precincts in Florida's inner cities, the polling locations were heavily fortified with police. how to recover stolen cryptocurrency from trust wallet; nc state hockey; firehawk aerospace dallas; brenda lowe baby name It was the closest presidential election in American history, with only several hundred votes in Florida determining the winner out of more than 100 million ballots cast nationwide. Florida state law at the time allowed a candidate to request a manual recount by protesting the results of at least three precincts. As the manual recounts continued, the battle to certify the results intensified. Decisions by some canvassing boards to count illegal overseas absentee ballots. Controversies included: Many voters in Palm Beach County who intended to vote for Gore actually marked their ballots for Pat Buchanan or spoiled their ballots because they found the ballot's layout to be confusing. Preventing the canvassing boards from continuing to conduct recounts beyond the seven-day timeframe (specified in the law, but with ambiguity as to how firm it was intended to be), would "summarily disenfranchise innocent electors [voters]" and could not be allowed unless the recounts continued for so long as to "compromise the integrity of the electoral process." Both campaigns immediately dispatched teams of lawyers to Florida. ", "Irish-American Republicans - Our Achievements", "Miami Mayor Denies Gore Urged Him to Publicly Support Recount", "Vote-swapping Web sites are legal, appeals court (finally) says", "Nader's Traders vs. State Regulators: Examining the Controversy over Internet Vote Swapping in the 2000 Presidential Election", "Florida Supreme Court Stays Certification of Florida Presidential Ballots; Counties Counting Overseas Absentee Ballots", "Text: Bush Campaign Adviser James A. Baker III", "Text: Gore Campaign Chairman William Daley", "The Butterfly Did It: The Aberrant Vote for Buchanan in Palm Beach County, Florida", "Buchanan camp: Bush claims are "nonsense", "THE 2000 ELECTIONS: THE PALM BEACH BALLOT; Florida Democrats Say Ballot's Design Hurt Gore", "PALM BEACH COUNTY CANVASSING BOARD v. HARRIS", "Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris", "SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF OF THE PALM BEACH COUNTY CANVASSING BOARD, FOLLOWING REMAND FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES", "The Lawyers' Role in Selecting the President: A Complete Legal History of the 2000 Election", "Did Illegal Overseas Absentee Ballots Decide the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election? hide caption. In the weeks following Election Day in the 2000 U.S. presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore, there was a period of vote recounting in Florida. County custom standard: what each individual county canvassing board considered a vote, in regard to both undervotes and overvotes. Four counties distributed sample ballots to voters that differed from the actual ballot used on election day, including Duval County, which used a caterpillar ballot, so called because the list of presidential candidates stretched over two pages. In its opinion, the Supreme Court cited several areas where the Florida Supreme Court had violated both the federal and Florida constitutions. What did the U.S. Supreme Court decide in, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bush-v-Gore, Cornell University Law School - Bush Versus Gore, Bush v. Gore - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), sample butterfly ballot from Florida, 2000. On November 9, the Bush campaign announced they had hired George H. W. Bush's former Secretary of State James Baker and Republican political consultant Roger Stone to oversee their legal team, and the Gore campaign hired Bill Clinton's former Secretary of State Warren Christopher..mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}. [1] The majority held that no alternative method could be established within the discretionary December 12 "safe harbor" deadline set by Title 3 of the United States Code (3 U.S.C. Unlike the much-discussed Palm Beach County butterfly ballot, the Duval County ballot spread choices for president over two non-facing pages. [11] If the board discovered an error that in its judgment could affect the outcome of the election, they were then authorized to do a full recount of the ballots. On the other hand, the study also found that Gore probably would have won, by a range of 42 to 171 votes out of 6 million cast, had there been a broad recount of all disputed ballots statewide. There were two write-in candidates for president who had been qualified by the state of Florida. Amount excludes 139 Miami-Dade precincts that were recounted. As court challenges were issued over the legality of hand recounts in select counties, news stories were filled with the arcane vocabulary of the election judge. Such explanations did little to lessen the sense of anger among black Democrats. Even though four other Optiscan counties (Hamilton, Polk, Seminole, Taylor) manually reviewed machine-rejected ballots for votes to include in their certified totals, Includes increase in Orange County's unofficially revised machine-tabulated vote total, due to machine later counting 512 ballots that were previously machine-rejected ("could not be distinguished from ballots that were accepted and counted they appeared to be properly completed"): Gore 249, Bush 184 (total 433). Circle Countries that came under the rule of a fascist government and dictator before WWII began Kohut thought the first waves of exit polls leaned too much on what appeared to be an over-sampling of demographic groups inclined to vote Democratic. Direct link to ArmstronMakenna's post Shouldn't the electoral c, Posted 6 years ago. The results of the 2000 U.S. presidential election are provided in the table. According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed. The recounts had gone up until December 9 (although they had been stopped and restarted and stopped and restarted several times before then) when the Supreme Court stopped the recount with a 7 to 2 decision, on the basis that it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The presidential election of November 7, 2000 was one of the most memorable - and controversial - in the history of the United States. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. In particular, from summer 1999 to spring 2000, Florida's voter list was subject to an unusually high number of problems. Bush or Gore? Africa? It was ostensibly completed on November 10 in the 66 Florida counties that used vote-counting machines and reduced Bush's lead to 327 votes. what was harriet tubman beat know for? Expert groups continue to recommend use of the drug during pregnancy when necessary and in consultation with a doctor. Direct link to Tristan Lvin's post Couldn't they have just r, Posted 5 years ago. [78][80], Based on the NORC review, the media group concluded that if the disputes over the validity of all the ballots in question had been consistently resolved and any uniform standard applied, the electoral result would have been reversed and Gore would have won by 60 to 171 votes (with, for each punch ballot, at least two of the three ballot reviewers' codes being in agreement). in the election of 2000 florida was brainly. Most of the excitement in the primaries came on the Republican side, as Bush faced a stiff challenge from John McCain, a U.S. senator from Arizona; other candidates included businessman Steve Forbes, diplomat and conservative commentator Alan Keyes, U.S. senator Orrin Hatch, and conservative activist Gary Bauer. It was governed by Jeb Bush, a staunch conservative[8] and George W. Bush's brother. No. Would it have been possible to have some other non-partisan judges hear the Bush v Gore case? Despite the continued economic growth that Gore could attribute to his economic stewardship with Clinton, early in the general election campaign it appeared that Bush might easily defeat Gore, who appeared wooden and dismissive of Bush in the campaigns debates and who was criticized repeatedly by the Bush campaign as an exaggerator. State results tallied on election night gave 246 electoral votes to Republican nominee Texas Governor George W. Bush and 255 to Democratic nominee Vice President Al Gore, with New Mexico (5), Oregon (7), and Florida (25) too close to call that evening. It was in line with a letter sent out by Harris stating that if a postmark was not present on an overseas ballot, it had to be thrown out. In such case, only the write-in vote is void." But in 2000, the prize was the presidency of the United States. On December 4, the U.S. Supreme Court returned this matter to the Florida Supreme Court with an order vacating its earlier decision. Of the overvotes, 68,476 chose Gore and a minor candidate; 23,591 chose Bush and a minor candidate. Meanwhile, the Bush campaign worked to stop the recount. Another point of controversy in the 2000 election was the fact that George W. Bush's brother, Jeb Bush, was the governor of Florida at the time of the recount, although no evidence of wrongdoing surfaced. Among the many bad things aboutBush v. Gore, one of the worst is it takes, like, till page seven until you find out the outcome of the case, Ron Klain, a Gore aide,toldthe Atlantic. Florida Elections For Governor And U.S. Senate Heading For Recount. [74][75][76], The National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, sponsored by a consortium of major U.S. news organizations, conducted the Florida Ballot Project, a comprehensive review of ballots collected from the entire state, not just the disputed counties that were recounted. The Democrats share of the Cuban-American vote dropped dramatically after 1996. "[50], On The Today Show of November 9, 2000, Buchanan said, "When I took one look at that ballot on Election Night it's very easy for me to see how someone could have voted for me in the belief they voted for Al Gore. Africa? Direct link to Alex Nemchenko's post Why was a re-vote not ena, Posted 7 years ago. [84] A Gore win was impossible without a recount of overvotes, which he did not request; however, faxes between Judge Terry Lewis and the canvassing boards throughout the state indicated that Lewis, who oversaw the recount effort, intended to have overvotes counted.[81]. About 3:00 am Gore called a stunned Bush to retract his concession. [12] This statutory process primarily accommodated recounts for local elections. [10] Voters from reliably Democratic states in the Northeast had also been migrating to Florida since the 1950s. "The states highest officials responsible for ensuring efficiency, uniformity, and fairness in the election failed to fulfill their responsibilities.
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